Rocks and Rolls

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Rocks and Rolls
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Rocks

• Nearly all rocks are composed of one or more
  minerals
• Geologists classify rocks according to how they
  were formed
• Sedimentary
• Igneous
• Metamorphic

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Sedimentary Rocks

• Most abundant rock type on the Earths surface
• Sits on top of Igneous and Metamorphic rock
• Example Hardboiled Egg
• Sedimentary is the shell Igneous and
  Metamorphic the egg
• Usually deposited in layers
• Three types / textures
• Based on where and how they were formed

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ESRT pg 7
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Fossils
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Texture 1- ClasticInorganic Land Derived
Boulders

• Most common type of sedimentary rock
• Formed on landfrom non-living sediments
• Formed from sediment (clasts) that are compacted-
  then cemented together
• Based on the size of the grains they contain
• See ESRT

Pebbles
Cobbles
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ESRT pg 6
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ESRT pg 7
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Compaction and Cementation of Clastic Sedimentary
Rocks
Sediments are cemented together by minerals
Sediments are deposited
Sediments are compacted squished together
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Conglomerates

• All size sediments (rounded)
• Fragments deposited by a glacier as it melted
• Compacted and Cemented together

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Breccia

• All size sediments (angular edges)
• Fragments deposited
• Compacted and Cemented together

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SANDSTONE
SILTSTONE
SHALE
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ESRT Pg 2
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Texture 2- CrystallineChemically and /or
organically formed
HALITE

• Minerals are dissolved in water
• Water evaporates
• Solid mineral left behind (evaporite)
• Ex) salt water when water evaporatessalt
• left behind.Halite

DOLOSTONE
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Texture 3 Crystalline / Bioclastic

• Formed from plant and animal remains
• Coal
• Often FOSSILS found in Bioclastic rocks!

COAL
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COAL
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Fossils
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Environment of Formation

• Fossils, mud cracks and ripple marks
• Help to identify where rock was formed

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To help you remember