Invertebrates Double Jeopardy

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Invertebrates Double Jeopardy
Annelids Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Diagrams
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Compliments of the James Madison Center, JMU
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What features distinguish annelids from
roundworms?
Unlike roundworms, annelids have segmented bodies
and a true coelom that is lined with mesoderm.
3
List the defining characteristic for each class
of annelid.
Oligochaetes typically have fewer setae than
polychaetes and live in soil or fresh water.
Leeches are typically external parasites that
suck the blood and body fluids of their host.
Polychaetes are marine annelids that have paired,
paddlelike appendages tipped with setae.
4
Describe the feeding strategies of earthworms and
leeches.
Earthworms use their pharynxes to suck soil and
detritus into their esophagus. Leeches suck the
blood and body fluids of their host.
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How do roundworms excrete digestive waste and
cellular wastes?
Digestive waste passes out the anus at the end of
the digestive tract Cellular waste containing
nitrogen is eliminated by nephridia, which are
excretory organs that filter fluid in the coelom.
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An earthworm has more light-sensitive cells in
its anterior and posterior segments than in other
parts of its body. Explain how this is
advantageous for the worm.
Having more light-sensitive cells in the front
and back ends is advantageous, because the animal
moves forward and may be attacked by a predator
from the rear.
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What is a mollusk?
A mollusc is a soft-bodied animal that usually
has an internal or external shell.
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List and describe the four parts of the mollusk
body plan.
Foot, mantle, shell, visceral mass. The muscular
foot can have different forms, e.g.,
spade-shaped mantle is a thin tissue layer
covering most of the mollusks body shell, when
present, made of calcium carbonate visceral mass
is internal organs.
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Describe the main characteristics of the three
major classes of mollusks.
Gastropods shell-less or one shell, ventral
foot bivalves two shells cephalopods head
attached to foot.
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Why are land snails restricted to moist
environments?
Land snails respire using a mantle cavity that
has a large surface lined with blood vessels.
Because this lining must be kept moist, it
confines land snails to moist places.
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Compare open and closed circulatory systems. Why
are open circulatory systems found mostly in
small animals that move slowly?
In an open system, blood is pumped through
vessels by a simple heart and works its way
through different sinuses. In a closed system,
blood is circulated through a network of blood
vessels. A closed system supports greater oxygen
needs because blood moves more quickly through
the body.
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What are the main features of arthropods?
Arthropods have a segmented body, a tough
exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.
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Describe the process of digestion in spiders.
Spiders first inject enzymes to liquefy their
food, then suck the tissues into a specialized
pumping stomach, which forces the liquid through
the rest of the digestive system.
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How is the process of molting related to growth
in arthropods?
During molting, an arthropod sheds its entire
exoskeleton and manufactures a larger one to take
its place. This process creates room for growth.
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What organs are used in arthropod respiration?
Which are found in terrestrial arthropods?
Aquatic arthropods?
Most terrestrial arthropods breathe through
tracheal tubes. Other terrestrial arthropods
respires using book lungs. Most aquatic
arthropods respire through featherlike gills.
The horseshoe crab respires through organs called
book gills.
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How do the three largest groups of arthropods
differ?
Crustaceans two pairs of branched antennae, two
or three body sections, and chewing mouthparts
called mandibles Chelicerates have mouthparts
called chelicerae and two body sections, and
nearly all have four pairs of walking legs
Uniramians jaws, one pair of antennae, and
unbranched appendages.
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What is an echinoderm?
An echinoderm has a spiny skin, an internal
skeleton, and a water vascular system with tube
feet. Most have five-part radial symmetry.
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What is the water vascular system? How is it
important to echinoderms?
The water vascular system is a system of internal
tubes. The system carries out respiration,
circulation, and movement.
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List the major classes of echinoderms and
describe their characteristics.
Sea urchins and sand dollars have plates that
form a box around their internal organs. Brittle
stars have long, flexible arms and can move
quickly. Sea cucumbers look like cucumbers. Sea
stars move by creeping slowly and can repair
themselves when damaged. Sea lilies and feather
stars have a stalk by which they attach to the
ocean floor.
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Echinoderms are deuterostomes. What does this
indicate about their relationship to other
animals?
Echinoderms are more closely related to chordates
than to other invertebrates, most of which are
protostomes.
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Why is tearing a sea star apart and throwing it
back into the water an ineffective way of trying
to reduce sea star populations?
If a sea star is pulled into pieces, each piece
will usually grow into a new animal.
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Label the following
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Antennae
Compound Eye
Mouth
Palps
Spiracles
Abdomen
Thorax
Head
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