The Policemen of the World

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The Policemen of the World

• American Expansionism at the Turn of the 20th
  Century

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• From the end of the Civil War to the 1880s, the
  U.S. was an isolationist country
• During the 1890s, the U.S. became an imperialist
  country. Why?
• Destiny
• Defense
• Dollars
• Democracy
• Deity and Social Darwinism

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Destiny

• Manifest Destiny in early 1800s vs. late 1800s
• Where?
• Why?

4
Belief

• Three domestic concerns led the U.S. to expand
  global interests
• Industrial Expansion
• Western Settlement
• Growth of Federal Government
• How do these (and other factors) lead to U.S.
  Imperialism?

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Industrial Expansion

• Aspects affecting imperialist tendencies
• Business Cycles
• Alternating cycles of prosperity and recession
  caused overproduction
• International Investment Capital
• Foreign concerns invested 3 billion in U.S.
  Economy
• Desire to expand markets
• Favorable shift in balance of trade
• Standard Oil Example
• Few exports in 1880
• 1890 controlled 70 of world market

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Western Settlement

• West settled with promise of overseas markets for
  surplus crops
• Euro demand for U.S. crops drops after 1880
• Farmers forced to seek new markets for their
  products

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Defense
Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Sea Power
on History What was his argument in this book?
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Defense

• Big Sister Policy
• James Blaines idea
• Better relations with Latin American more ??
• 1889- 1st Pan-American Conference
• What was the purpose of this meeting?

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Revitalized Navy

• By 1880s in shambles
• Recovery from depression of 1873
• More money to build modern navy
• Realization that U.S. Navy was worst in world
• Concern unprepared if conflict erupted
• Alfred Thayer Mahan
• Surplus production requires commercial colonies
• Oceans should be highways, not barriers
• A powerful navy is essential for commerce

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Dollars

• Americans wanted new markets to sell their goods
  and new sources of resources
• What made this possible?

American Foreign Trade1870-1914
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Growth of Federal Government

• Industry and Agriculture sought government help
  in securing new markets
• William Everetts (Sec. of State 1877-1881)
• Argued that government should foster economic
  growth
• Pork Diplomacy (relationship betw. Business and
  government)
• Farmers were raising surplus of pigs
• Exported to Europe
• France and Germany enacted restrictive Ag tariffs
• U.S. economically hurt France and Germany

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Democracy

• U.S. wanted to support the growth of democracies
  around the world

Deity

• Desire to spread their religious beliefs to
  others
• Reverend Josiah Strong and Our Country Its
  Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
• What was this book about?
• What was the mission for Americans?

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Deity

• Social Darwinism what was this?
• What was the role of the U.S. in the world? In
  society?

The White MansBurden
The Hierarchyof Race
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The Missionary Factor

• Premises
• Soul saving and profit making go together
• Industry learned about foreign markets from
  missionaries
• Dole (Hawaii Pineapple Co.) and Hawaii
• Government protection/International Agreements
• More American missionariesneed to protect them
• Faith in destiny of Christianity to conquer the
  world

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THE US BECOMES AN IMPERIAL POWER
What is happening in this cartoon?
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THE US BECOMES AN IMPERIAL POWER

• Alaska 1866/1896
• HAWAII 1898
• MIDWAY ISLAND 1867
• WAKE ISLAND 1898
• GUAM 1898
• JOHNSTON ISLAND 1898
• PALMYRA ISLAND 1898
• SAMOA ISLAND 1899
• PHILIPPINES 1898
• PUERTO RICO 1898

What is happening in this cartoon?
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Imperialistic Ideas

• The nation needed more markets for its goods
• John Hays Open Door Policy
• open access to China for American investment and
  commercial interests
• bolstered American commercial interests in China
• Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
• Direct cause - American fear that financial
  instability in the Dominican Republic would lead
  to European intervention
• Expanded Americas role in Central America and
  the Caribbean
• Intervening in Latin America nations that could
  not pay their debts to European creditors

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OPEN DOOR POLICY
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(No Transcript)
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Spanish American War-1898

• Yellow Journalism (William R. Hearst)
• Sensational news stories stirred the anger of the
  American public
• 1898-Battleship Maine explodes in Cuban harbor
  250 Amer. soldiers die
• Leads to Spanish-American War
• U.S. wins gains territory
• Territories gained
• Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines

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Yellow journalists were quick to blame the
Spanish
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Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!
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• Latin American felt bullied
• Bad Neighbor policy

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Debate

• American Imperialism Should the United States
  become an imperialist power by keeping the
  Philippine Islands?

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• Manifest Destiny Is overseas expansion, and
  therefore control of the Philippines, part of the
  inevitable manifest destiny of the United States?

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• Democracy Would ruling another nation be
  compatible with basic American ideals of
  democracy and self-government?

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• Economic Benefit Is acquiring the Philippines
  essential for Americas economic health and
  future trade with Asia?

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• Race Should the dark skinned Filipinos be
  brought under the rule of the white skinned race?