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Title: The belief of Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaa ah with regard to Qadr and QaDaa Author: Abu AbdirRahman Humble Last modified by: Abu AbdirRahman Humble – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The belief of Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaa


1
The belief of Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaaah with
regard to Qadar and QaDaa
  • Abu AbdirRahman Muhammad Humble

2
An introduction to Qadar and QaDaa
  • Ibn ul Qayyim said It is a sea with no end to
    it, and there is no way out of it for any of
    Allahs creation Islamic legislation is the ship
    of safety, whoever climbs aboard it is saved, and
    whoever leaves it is drowned
  • We understand from this that the topic is a
    dangerous one, and one which many have been
    misguided in
  • We also understand that the only way to be saved
    is to follow the Quraan and the Sunnah

3
Why learn about this at all?
  • If the subject is so dangerous and difficult, why
    learn about it at all?
  • Allah has made it a pillar of our imaan, and we
    cannot have true imaan in something without
    understanding what we are being asked to believe
    in
  • Learning about Qadar and QaDaa, is of two types
  • Sticking strictly to the Quraan and the Sunnah.
    This is praiseworthy, otherwise what is the
    benefit in these ayaat and ahadeeth?
  • Any other method. This is blameworthy and takes
    many forms. From this is asking Why did Allah
    guide this person and not guide this one? and
    from this is understanding Qadar according to
    intellect and desire
  • Sometimes not speaking about something leads
    people to harbour doubts and mistakes in their
    belief, which can easily be removed, if Allah
    wills
  • Allah has praised knowledge, and never praises
    ignorance
  • Atheism thrives on misguidance in Qadar How can
    Allah exist when we see so much suffering in the
    world?
  • We sometimes say things that deny Qadar You
    dont deserve this!
  • The salaf set an excellent example for us. They
    talked about the correct belief in Qadar and
    QaDaa, and they warned about the mistakes of the
    misguided

4
Qadar and QaDaa in the Arabic language
  • QaDaa It has many meanings, all of them centre
    around finishing or completing something
  • Qadar The verbal noun of Qadara Yaqduru meaning
    to know the quantity of something and its other
    attributes

5
Qadar and QaDaa in Islam
  • It is said that they both mean the same thing
  • It is said that they are from those words which
    when they are separate come together, and when
    they come together separate
  • When they are separate both mean the same thing
  • When they are together, the scholars who hold
    this opinion differed about the difference
    between them
  • It is said that Qadar is the previous knowledge
    according to which Allah created all things and
    ruled by it from eternity, and that QaDaa refers
    to the creation of those things i.e. when Allah
    brings them into being. (For example, if someone
    died the fact that Allah always knew that they
    would die at that time and had decreed that they
    would die at that time, would be called Qadar,
    and when Allah causes that death to happen, it
    would be called QaDaa)
  • The second opinion is the opposite of the first
  • In reality, all of these opinions are simply
    ijtihaad from the scholars, and there is no text
    to support one opinion over the other
  • When you look at the Quraan and the Sunnah you
    find that the word Qadar occurs more often than
    QaDaa

6
The ruling of believing in Qadar
  • Belief in Qadar is waajib
  • Qadar is a pillar of imaan, without which imaan
    does not exist
  • This tells us how important it is for us to
    believe in Qadar properly
  • The texts which we find in the Quraan and Sunnah
    about Qadar are of two types
  • Proof of the existence of Qadar
  • Proof that we have to believe in Qadar

7
A few proofs of Qadar from the Quraan
  • Indeed, all things We created with
    predestination Al Qamar 5459
  • ...And ever is the command of Allah a destiny
    decreed Al-Ahzaab 3338
  • Did We not create you from a liquid disdained?
    And We placed it in a firm lodging For a known
    extent And We determined it, and excellent
    are We to determine Al-Mursalaat 7720-23
  • And who destined and then guided Al-Alaa
    873
  • ... But it was so that Allah might accomplish
    a matter already destined... Al-Anfaal 842
  • When He decrees a matter, He only says to it,
    'Be,' and it is Aal-Imraan 347

8
A few proofs of Qadar from the Sunnah
  • The hadith of Jibreel (see notes for Hadith
    class)
  • Taawoos said I met some people from among the
    companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be
    upon him), they said Everything happens by
    Qadar, and I heard Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah
    be pleased with them both) say that the Prophet
    (peace be upon him) said Everything happens
    by Qadar, even helplessness and resourcefulness
    or he said resourcefulness and helplessness
    Muslim
  • The Prophet (peace be upon him) said The strong
    believer is better and more beloved to Allah than
    the weak believer, and good is in both of them.
    Stick to that which will benefit you, seek help
    from Allah, and do not feel helpless and if
    something bad happens to you, dont say If
    only I did this or that, but say Qadar-ullahi
    or Qaddar-allahu wa maa shaaa faal It is
    Allahs decree or Allah has decreed and He
    does what He wants, for indeed If opens a
    door for the shaytaans work Muslim

9
The Aqeedah of Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaaah with
regard to Qadar and QaDaa
  • The aqeedah of Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaaah with
    regard to Qadar and QaDaa, can be summarised in
    three core principles
  • These principles should be memorised word for
    word
  • Whoever understands these three principles and
    acts upon them has completed their imaan in Qadar

10
Principle 1
  • Ahl-us-Sunnah believe that everything that
    exists in this universe, whether objects or
    actions, do not escape Allahs knowledge,
    writing, will, and creation

11
The four stages of Qadar (1)
  • This principle explains to us the four stages of
    Qadar
  • Knowledge
  • Ahl-us-Sunnah believe that Allah knows
    everything, both general and specific. His
    knowledge has no beginning and no end. Nothing is
    ever outside of his knowledge. Nobody can
    encompass the smallest amount of His knowledge
    without His permission. His knowledge encompasses
    what exists and what doesnt exist, what is
    possible, and what is impossible. He knows what
    has happened and what will happen, and what
    something would be like if it did happen
    whether that thing is possible or impossible
  • Had they gone forth with you, they would not
    have increased you except in confusion, and they
    would have been active among you, seeking to
    cause you fitnah At-Tawbah 947
  • Had there been within the heavens and earth gods
    besides Allah , they both would have been ruined.
    So exalted is Allah , Lord of the Throne, above
    what they describe Al-Anbiyaa 2122

12
The four stages of Qadar (2)
  • Writing
  • Ahl-us-Sunnah believe that Allah wrote in al-lawh
    al-mahfooDh (the Preserved Tablet), everything
    that will happen until the Day of Judgement.
  • Abu Haazim Salamah bin Deenaar (a Taabiee) said
    Allah knew before He wrote, and He wrote before
    He created. So creation happened according to His
    knowledge and His writing

13
Other types of decree
  • There are some other types of decree, which are a
    part of general Qadar. All of these are written
    in the Preserved Tablet
  • The decree that happens once in a persons
    lifetime. This is when Allah commands the angel
    to go to the unborn child and write its
    provision, lifespan, deeds, and whether it will
    be from the people of paradise or the people of
    hellfire
  • The decree that happens once a year. This is on
    laylat-ul-Qadar when it is written the provision
    of the year, and who will die during it
  • The decree that happens every day. This is
    mentioned in Surah Ar-Rahman Whoever is within
    the heavens and earth asks Him every day He is
    bringing about a matter Ar-Rahman 5529

14
The four stages of Qadar (3)
  • Will
  • Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaaah believe that
    everything that happens in this universe, happens
    by the will of Allah, and that He wants it to
    happen.
  • Ash-Shaafiee wrote a poem ma shita kaana, wa
    in lam asha wa maa shitu in lam tasha lam
    yakun. Khalaqtal-ibaada alaa maa alimta, wa fil
    ilm yajree al fataa wal musinu, alaa dhaa
    mananta wa hadhaa khaldhata, wa hadhaa aanta wa
    dhaa lam tuin, fa minhum shaqeeun wa minhum
    saeedun wa minhum qabeehun wa min hum hasan
  • What you willed has happened, even if I didnt
    will it, and what I willed if you didnt will it,
    didnt happen
  • You created your slaves upon what you know, and
    in your knowledge are the young and the old
  • This one you favoured, And this one you forsook,
    and this one you helped and that one you didnt
  • From them are the wretched and from them are
    those who are happy, and from them are the ugly
    and from them are the beautiful

15
Important points with regard to the will of Allah
  • Whatever happens, happens by the will of Allah.
    Therefore, whatever doesnt happen is because
    Allah does not want it to
  • Allahs will is of two types
  • That which Allah wills to happen whether He
    loves it or He doesnt love it
  • That which Allah loves to happen whether it
    happens or not
  • The two come together when a good deed happens,
    because Allah willed it to happen, and Allah
    loves it to happen
  • The two are not present when a bad deed doesnt
    happen, because Allah didnt will it to happen,
    and Allah doesnt love it to happen
  • The first type is present on its own when a sin,
    or something permissible happens, or something
    exists that we have no proof that Allah loves it,
    because Allah willed it to happen but He doesnt
    love it to happen
  • The second type is present on its own when a good
    deed doesnt happen, because Allah didnt will it
    to happen, but Allah loves it to happen

16
Questions about Allahs will
  • For each example, explain which if any - of the
    two types of Allahs will are present
  • The Imaan of Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq (may Allah be
    pleased with him)
  • The Kufr of Abu Jahl
  • The Imaan of Abu Jahl
  • The Kufr of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with
    him)
  • The existence of a car

17
Some important observations
  • We can see from this that just because something
    happens, doesnt mean that Allah loves it to
    happen
  • Whatever Allah wills to happen must happen, but
    whatever Allah loves to happen, may happen and
    may not happen
  • If something happens that Allah hates, Allah does
    not want it to happen for the sake of it, but
    wants other benefits that happen as a result of
    it (The example of amputating a leg)
  • If Allah loves something to happen, this means
    that the thing is obligatory or recommended. If
    Allah wills something to happen, it does not
    carry any ruling

18
Why does Allah decree bad things to happen?
  • The answer Out of His perfect wisdom
  • Allah does not create pure evil
  • Allah wants the things that happen as a result
  • Ibn-ul-Qayyim mentiones more than 30 benefits
    that occur as a result of the existence of sin,
    from them
  • Tawbah
  • Knowing that Allah is All-forgiving, and this
    necessitates that there will be sins
  • The slave knows his constant need of Allah
  • Because a slave sins and wants to be forgiven, he
    acts towards others in a forgiving manner

19
The four stages of Qadar (4)
  • Creation
  • Ahl-us-Sunnah believe that Allah is the creator
    of everything. Everything that exists in this
    universe was created by Allah, whether objects,
    characteristics, or actions.
  • I emphasise that the Quraan is the speech of
    Allah, and is totally uncreated in every aspect

20
Principle 2
  • There is no contradiction between affirming
    Allahs will and that Allah has created our
    actions, and between affirming that our actions
    belong to us and that we have a will

21
Our actions are created
  • Our actions are created. However, they are still
    our actions. How can we reconcile these two
    principles?
  • Sometimes Allah creates directly, and sometimes
    Allah creates indirectly. For example, we all
    know and believe that Allah created us, and yet
    we know that we come from our mother and father.
    Allah created us using our mother and father.
    Thus the way that Allah created Adam (peace be
    upon him) was different from the way that we are
    created, but all are from Allahs creation.

22
Some important points about our actions
  • Our actions are our own, and are attributed to
    us. For that reason we are rewarded and punished
    because of them.
  • The servants of Allah have an ability to do
    things, that Allah has given them. However, the
    servants own ability is not enough for something
    to happen. Rather, it can only happen with
    Allahs help and by removing the things which
    prevent it (and this is also from Allah).
  • The servants of Allah have a will. However, their
    will cannot escape the will of Allah.

23
Principle 3
  • Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaaah believe that guidance
    and misguidance are in the hands of Allah He
    guides whoever He wills as a blessing from Him
    and a favour, and He misguides whoever He wills
    from His perfect wisdom and justice

24
Guidance
  • Guidance is from Allah, He guides whoever He
    wills from His slaves
  • This guidance is a pure favour from Him, the
    servants of Allah do not deserve anything from
    Him
  • The granting of this blessing and favour returns
    to Allahs knowledge and wisdom. So whoever Allah
    guides, He does so because of His knowledge and
    wisdom
  • Allah grants guidance in two ways
  • The initial guidance which Allah gives to His
    slaves
  • When the slave is guided and does good deeds,
    they increase him in guidance

25
Misguidance
  • Misguidance is pure justice from Allah
  • Allah has shown the way to the truth and
    established His proof upon His creation
  • Those who have been misguided have preferred
    misguidance over being guided
  • Misguidance is pure wisdom from Allah.
  • This is because wisdom involves putting something
    in its correct place
  • If the disbelievers were to be returned to the
    earth after the hellfire, they would still
    disbelieve
  • Misguidance is a punishment from Allah and has
    two aspects
  • Punishment for not believing in the first place
  • Punishment for following falsehood

26
Why did Allah guide some and not guide others?
  • Allah is not asked about what He does but the
    servants are asked about what they do
  • Allah knows best who is deserving of His favour
  • Withholding a favour is not oppression,
    especially if the person didnt deserve the
    favour in the first place

27
If we know everything is pre-decreed, should we
act?
  • This should make us act not make us lazy
  • The Prophet (peace be upon him) said Act, for
    that which you have been created for will be made
    easy for you
  • Some of the sahaabah said after hearing the
    explanation of Qadar I have never worked so
    hard as I do now
  • The harder you work to achieve your goal, the
    easier Allah will make it for you to achieve if
    you work hard you will be nearer in description
    to those who Allah loves
  • You dont know what has been written for you, you
    can only act
  • Allah has created things which cause other things
    to happen. Imagine a person who sat on his own in
    his house saying If Allah wills me to have a
    child it will happen. Everybody would laugh at
    his stupidity and say go and get married! Even
    more stupid than him is the person who doesnt
    worship Allah to the best of his ability saying
    If Allah has written that I will go to Jannah
    I will go.
  • The one who does the actions of the people of
    paradise then goes to hell will not have been
    sincere in his actions
  • Never say Why!!

28
The Benefits of believing in Qadar (1)
  • Perfecting your tawheed because belief in qadar
    is a part of the Oneness of Allah in His Lordship
    that He has complete control of the world and
    everything that is in it, and everything depends
    completely upon him.
  • 2. Increasing your imaan As Allah says No
    disaster strikes except by permission of Allah .
    And whoever believes in Allah - He will guide his
    heart. And Allah is Knowing of all things.
    Alqamah may Allah have mercy on him said
    The aayah is referring to a person who is struck
    by a disaster but he knows it is from Allah so he
    accepts it and ispleased with it and so Allah
    guides his heart.
  • 3. Achieving true ikhlaas (sincerity) because
    you realise that Allah controls everything and
    therefore there is no reason to show off in front
    of anyone else
  • 4. Achieving complete trust in Allah because
    when you know that everything comes from Allah
    you rely on him completely.
  • 5. Fear of Allah because when you really
    believe in qadar you accept that you dont know
    what is written for you at the end of your life.

29
The Benefits of believing in Qadar (2)
  • 6. Achieving true patience because everything
    that happens is from Allah and you cant change
    it, so it makes you practice being patient upon
    every single thing that happens to you. And
    patience is from the attributes of the believers.
    Allah said And We will surely test you with
    something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth
    and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to
    the patient, Who, when disaster strikes them,
    say, Indeed we belong to Allah , and indeed to
    Him we will return. Those are the ones upon whom
    are blessings from their Lord and mercy. And it
    is those who are the rightly guided. And
    patience is the way of the Prophets and the
    pious. As Luqmaan the wise advised his son O my
    son, establish prayer, enjoin what is right,
    forbid what is wrong, and be patient over what
    befalls you. Indeed, all that is of the matters
    requiring determination. And patience is of
    three general types patience upon doing good
    deeds, patience upon keeping away from sins, and
    patience upon what happens to you from the qadar
    of Allah. And when you achieve this being
    patient upon what happens to you and thanking
    Allah for what He has given you you become from
    those people who the Messenger of Allah (peace
    and blessings be upon him) said about them How
    wonderful is the case of a believer there is
    good for him in everything. If he is prosperous,
    he expresses gratitude to Allah and that is good
    for him and if adversity befalls him, he endures
    it patiently and that is better for him".
  • 7. There is a level of belief in qadar which is
    even higher than being patient to be content
    with what happens to you as a result of qadar.
    There is a level even higher than that when you
    are actually happy with what happens to you
    because you know that Allah is the one who
    decreed it for you. And that is the highest level
    of belief in qadar.
  • 8. It allows you to be satisfied with what you
    have and to be far away from jealousy, because
    you could not have got what the other person had
    and they could not have got what you have, and
    you know that every single form of good is from
    Allah and He gives it to whoever He wills. Allah
    said And do not wish for that by which Allah
    has made some of you exceed others. For men is a
    share of what they have earned, and for women is
    a share of what they have earned. And ask Allah
    of his bounty. Indeed Allah is ever, of all
    things, Knowing.
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