Fluid, Electrolyte

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Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-Base Balance
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Body Fluids

• Your body is 66 water
• Not evenly distributed separated into
  compartments
• Able to move back and forth thru the cell
  membranes to maintain an equilibrium

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Fluid Compartments

• Intracellular fluid fluid inside cells ICF
• Extracellular fluid fluid outside cells and all
  other body fluids --- ¼ is plasma intravascular
  fluid, remaining ¾ is interstitial fluid. Small
  amount is localized as CSF, serous fluid,
  synovial fluid, humors of eye endo/perilymph of
  ears

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Edema

• Condition in which fluid accumulates in the
  interstitial compartment. Sometimes due to
  blockage of lymphatic vessels or by a lack of
  plasma proteins or sodium retention

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Fluid Balance

• Amount in amount out
• Average daily intake is 2500 ml fluids, food
  and metabolic water
• Average daily output is 2500 ml urine, feces,
  perspiration, insensible perspiration
• What can throw off these numbers?

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Electrolyte Balance

• Def - concentration of individual electrolytes
  in the body fluid compartments is normal and
  remains relatively constant.
• Electrolytes are dissolved in body fluids
• Sodium predominant extracellular cation, and
  chloride is predominant extracellular anion.
  Bicarbonate also in extracellular spaces

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Electrolyte Balance

• Potassium is the predominant intracellular cation
  and phosphates are the predominant intracellular
  anion
• Cations are actively reabsorbed, anions passively
  follow by electrochemical attraction
• Aldosterone works at kidney tubules to regulate
  sodium potassium levels

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Electrolyte Balance

• Because of sodium and potassium influence, water
  will move between compartments
• Example if high sodium, then water will move
  from intracellular space to extracellular space
  due to osmotic pressure

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Balance of other Electrolytes

• Calcium hypercalcemia / hypocalcemia
• Magnesium hypermagnesemia/ hypomagnesemia
• Phosphate hyperphosphatemia/ hypophosphatemia
• Chloride hyperchloremia/ hypochloremia

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Acid - Base Balance

• Blood - normal pH of 7.2 7.45
• lt 7.2 acidosis gt 7.45 alkalosis
• 3 buffer systems to maintain normal blood pH
• Buffers
• Removal of CO2 by lungs
• Removal of H ions by kidneys

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Buffers

• Protein Buffer Systems
• Amino Acid buffers
• Hemoglobin buffers
• Plasma Protein buffers
• Phosphate Buffer Systems
• Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate Buffer System

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Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance

• Respiratory System removal of CO2 by lungs
  stabilizes the ECF, has direct effect on Carbonic
  Acid Bicarbonate Buffer System
• Urinary System removal of H ions by kidneys

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Disturbances to Acid-Base Balance

• Respiratory Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis
• Metabolic Acidosis lactic acidosis,
  ketoacidosis
• Metabolic Alkalosis

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