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Ancient Greece

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Recall (You May Use Your Notes) What are 3 aspects from the Ancient Greece presentation that interest you the most? Aspect 1: Aspect 2: Aspect 3: Minoan Civilization ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ancient Greece


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Early People of the Aegean
  • Minoan Civilization
  • Migrated from the Island of Crete
  • Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
  • Success through sea trade
  • Rulers lived in the palace at Knossos
  • Disappeared by 1400 BC
  • Volcanic eruption
  • Earthquake
  • Tidal Wave (Tsunami)
  • Invaders (Mycenaean)

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Art of the Minoans
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Rulers of Mycenae
  • First record of Greek-speaking people
  • 1400 BC to 1200 BC
  • Sea traders
  • Warrior-king built a thick-walled fortress
  • Ruled surrounding villages
  • Lots of treasure, especially gold ornaments

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Art of the Mycenaean
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Trojan War
  • Around 1250 BC
  • Economic rivalry between Mycenaean and Troy (a
    city now in Turkey)
  • Troy controlled the Dardanelles Strait (narrow
    water passages) that connect the Black Sea and
    Mediterranean sea.

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Who Is This Person?
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The Age of Homer
  • Homer
  • Lived around 750 BC
  • Blind poet
  • Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, two famous
    historical epic poems
  • Iliad is a major source for the Trojan War
  • Odyssey describes how Odysseus returned home to
    his faithful wife, Penelope, after the fall of
    Troy
  • Both provide insight to the values of ancient
    Greeks such as honor, courage, and eloquence

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The Real Homer
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The Rise of Greek City-States
The Rise of Greek City-States
  • Small city-states developed (30,000 - 100,000)
  • Sailors traded
  • olive oil
  • wine
  • marble
  • metals
  • By 750 BC, rapid population growth forced many
    Greeks to uproot, bringing their ideas and
    culture with them

14
The Polis
  • Unique version of the city-state, developed after
    750 BC
  • Built usually on a hilltop (acropolis)
  • Temples dedicated to gods and goddesses
  • Included homes, theater, and an agora
    (marketplace)

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Early Governments
  • 750-500 BC, different forms of government
    evolved
  • Monarchy
  • Ruled by King or Queen
  • Aristocracy
  • Ruled by wealthy landowners
  • Oligarchy
  • Rule by middle-class farmers, merchants, and
    artisans

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Example of a Phalanx
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American Football is based on the phalanx
formation
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Changes in Warfare
  • Military technology increased power of the middle
    class
  • Iron weapons and tools replaced bronze
  • Made helmets, shields, and swords
  • Phalanx
  • Heavily armed soldiers in rows

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Sparta A Nation of Soldiers
  • Were part of the Dorians culture
  • Great soldiers
  • Conquered people into slaves called helots
  • Brutal system of strict controlexecutions
  • Government 2 kings and a council of elders
  • Citizens approved all major decisions
  • Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the
    age of 30
  • Assembly elected 5 ephors or officials who held
    the real power and ran day-to-day affairs.

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Where Is Sparta?
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  • From birth, Spartans were part of a military
    state
  • Healthy babies lived sick or weak babies were
    left to die
  • At 7, boys were sent to the barracks (military
    training)
  • At 20, they could marry, but had to live in the
    barracks
  • At 30, they took their place in the assembly
  • Spartans isolated themselves from other Greeks
    and forbade their citizens to travel

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Athens A Limited Democracy
  • Government evolved from a monarchy to an
    aristocracy
  • Ordinary people were discontent (dissatisfied)
  • Athens moved toward democracy (government by the
    people)
  • Only male citizens could participate in
    government

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Where Is Athens?
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Women
  • Sparta Women
  • Trained to produce healthy sons for the army or
    else
  • Obey fathers and husbands
  • Could inherit property
  • Men were occupied with war, so some women were in
    charge of entire estates
  • Athens Women
  • No share in public life
  • Guided by men
  • Lived in seclusion (lonely)
  • Managed the entire household
  • Spun, wove, cared for their children, and
    prepared food.

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Forces of Unity
  • Shared a common Greek culture
  • Same language
  • Greek
  • Same gods
  • Polytheistic (belief in many gods) Zeus was the
    most powerful
  • Same heroes
  • Hercules Jason and the Argonauts Perseus
    Odysseus
  • Same festivals
  • Olympic games

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Victory in the Greek World
  • The Persian Wars (Athenians vs. Persians)
  • Greeks rebelled against Persian rule in 499 B.C.
  • Pe rsian emperor, Darius, sent a huge force to
    attack
  • Force landed in Marathon 490 BC
  • Greeks sent Pheidippides to carry news to Athens
    he sprinted 26.2 miles and died. Marathons today
    are 26.2 miles.
  • Greeks defeated Persians
  • Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in
    Greece

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Golden Age of Athens
  • Pericles
  • A noble statesman
  • Economy thrived
  • Government became democratic
  • 460 BC to 429 BC is often called the Age of
    Pericles
  • Rebuilt the Acropolis
  • Athens became the cultural center of Greece
  • Paid salaries and enabled poor men to serve

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Peloponnesian War
  • 431-404 B.C. Athens vs. Sparta
  • Athens attacked by sea
  • Sparta attacked by land
  • Plague broke out, killing 1/3 of the population,
    including Pericles
  • 404 B.C. with help from the Persians, Sparta
    captured Athens
  • Democratic government suffered
  • Corruption and selfish interests ran rampant

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Recall (You May Use Your Notes)
  • What are 3 aspects from the Ancient Greece
    presentation that interest you the most?
  • Aspect 1
  • Aspect 2
  • Aspect 3
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