Phenotype

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Phenotype
Genotype
Genes code for proteins (or RNA). These gene
products give rise to traits It is rarely this
simple.
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Human blood types
Fig 14.11
Codominance both alleles are fully expressed
phenotype
genotype
AA or AO
BB or BO
AB
(Codominance)
OO
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Fig 14.10
Incomplete dominance gives rise to blending.
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Fig 15.6
Sex determination is normally inherited by whole
chromosomes or by number of chromosomes.
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Fig 15.6
X/Y chromosomes in humans
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The X chromosome has many genes the Y chromosome
only has genes for maleness.
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Human X and Y chromosomes
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Fig 15.6
X/Y chromosomes in humans should give rise to
equal numbers of males and females
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105 males 100 females (live births) Why?
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105 males 100 females (live births) Why?
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Ratio of males to females, by age group(number
of males per 100 females)
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Sex-linked traits are genes located on the X
chromosome
Fig 15.6
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Color Blind Test
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Sex-linked traits Genes on the X chromosome
A normal a colorblind
colorblind
normal
Fig 15.7
No one affected, female carriers
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Sex-linked traits Genes on the X chromosome
A normal a colorblind
normal
normal
50 of males affected, 0 females affected
Fig 15.7
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Fig 15.7
Sex-linked traits Genes on the X chromosome
A normal a colorblind
No one affected, female carriers
50 of males affected, 0 female affected
50 males affected, 50 females affected
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Fig 15.16
Down syndrome is caused by too much
informationtrisomy 21, three of chromsome 21
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How do females compensate for having two X
chromosomes?
Fig 15.6
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X inactivation in mammals females are a mosiac
of inactivated X chromosomes
Fig 15.8
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Is this all of your DNA?
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Mitochondria have their own DNA.
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Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast have DNA
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Endosymbiotic Theory - proposed origin of
mitochondria and chloroplasts from free-living
bacteria to cellular organelles
Fig 25.9
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Human Life Cycle
Combination of two individuals DNA
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Only the egg provides mitochondria to the
offspring.
Fig 47.3
mitochondria
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Human Life Cycle
In femalesMom provides 50.000275 and Dad
provides 49.999825 of DNA to offspring.
because Mom provides 100 of mitochondrial DNA
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