The European Conquest of the Americas

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The European Conquest of the Americas
By Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY Edited by Mr. Adam Stonehill
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Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 C.E.

• 1405-1433 C.E. Zheng He explored as far as East
  Africa. After his last voyage his records were
  destroyed and ships were restricted to smaller
  sizes.

Mnsu.edu
Zheng He
Mnsu.edu
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Christ of Colon 1451-1506 -European explorer
whose discoveries had long term effects -promoted
future Western European exploration
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Columbus Four Voyages
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Other explorers

• Da Gama Portugal reaches Indian Ocean trade
  routes
• Vespucci Spanish further explorations of New
  World
• Magellan Spain - circumnavigates the world
• Cabot England first Western European to North
  America
• de Leon Spain first Spaniard to North America
• Cortes Conquistador of the Aztec Empire
• Verrazano Spain North America
• Pizarro Conquistador of the Incan Empire
• de Soto, Coronado, Cabrillo Spain further
  explorations of North America
• 1565 Spain establishes first North American
  colony at St. Augustine, FLA
• Cartier France first Frenchman to reach
  North America
• Frobisher Dutch first Dutchman to explore
  North America
• Raleigh England explores Virginia area
  (future Jamestown colony)
• Hudson England explores NYC region and up the
  Hudson river
• Gilbert,Champlain, LaSalle France further
  explorations of North America

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Ferdinand Magellan the First Circumnavigation
of the WorldEarly 16c
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European Explorations
Looking for El Dorado
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The First Spanish ConquestsThe Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortes
Montezuma II
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The Death of Montezuma II
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Mexico Surrenders to Cortés
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The First Spanish Conquests
The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa
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Cycle of Conquest Colonization
Explorers
Conquistadores
OfficialEuropeanColony!
Missionaries
PermanentSettlers
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Economic Effects of Colonialism

• Europe
• Mercantilism policy put into place
• Mother Country becomes wealthy at the expense of
  their colonies
• Country tries to export more than it imports
  favorable balance of trade
• Colonies exist as markets for their mother
  countrys goods
• Country tries to get as much gold and silver as
  possible
• Latin America
• encomienda system large plantations or
  mines and forced labor Native Americans first and
  then African Slaves
• Plantations - Sugar,
  bananas, tobacco, etc.
• Mining of Precious Metals
  - Silver and Gold

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Mercantilism

• The economy and trade are essential to the
  health and safety of the nation.

1. Get as much gold and silveras you can.
2. Establish a favorable balance of trade.
3. Get colonies.

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The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
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Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered
the tsunami of unintentional "bio-terrorism"??
Docs. 1- 4
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Sacrifice of the First-Bornby Theodore de Bry
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
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Slave Ship
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Coffin Position Below Deck
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African CaptivesThrown Overboard
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Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
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Treasuresfrom the Americas!
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Colonialism Social Effects

• Latin America New Social Status structure put
  into place based on race and ethnicity
• - Catholicism becomes
  the dominant religion
• - Spanish now
  universal language
•  
• North America religious freedom and economic
  opportunity often brings new colonists
• -Protestant groups

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The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves
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The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 The Popes
Line of Demarcation
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Father Bartolomé de Las Casas

• New Laws --gt 1542

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European Empires in the Americas
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Political Effects of Colonialization

• Political
• Spain 2 main colonies in New Spain
  (Mesoamerica) and Peru (South America). Also
  have various colonies in the Caribbean
• Basically Imperialize local population which
  means complete control of government, laws,
  economics, etc.)
• Hidalgos lazy upper-class develops in Spain
  itself as described in Cervantes Don Quixote
•  
• Portugal main colony in New World is
  Brazil and colonies in Indian Ocean trade
  (India-Goa and Southeast Asia)
•  
• England and France colonies in North
  America and Caribbean
• Sea Dog terror tactics used to plunder much of
  the wealth of Spain and Portugal from the New
  World
• Colonies are often left to rule themselves since
  resources are less than in Spain