China

1
China
2
Early History

• Worlds oldest continuous civilization
• Ruled by dynasties
• A series of rulers from the same family
• The Qin Dynasty established an empire by uniting
  smaller states under a strong centralized
  government.
• The Chinese Empire, ruled by different dynasties,
  lasted for more than 2,000 years.

3
China Opens Up to the World

• For centuries Chinas geography helped it remain
  isolated from the outside world
• 13th Century European travelers began to visit
  China
• Ex. Marco Polo
• In the 19th Century European powers took
  advantage of China and carved it into spheres of
  influence controlled by Britain, France, Germany,
  Russia, and Japan

4

• Boxer Rebellion of 1900- an uprising in China
  spurred by angry Chinese militants, or Boxers,
  over foreign control
• Killed Europeans and Chinese Christians
• A multinational force of about 20,000 soldiers
  defeated the Boxers

5
Revolution and Change

• After the Boxer Rebellion, the Qing Dynasty
  attempted to reform the Chinese government, but
  too many people wanted to form a republic.
• The Qing Dynasty was overthrown by
  revolutionaries ending the dynasties and the
  Chinese Empire

6

• Nationalist Party
• Promoted democracy
• This government was weak because of civil war in
  China and powerful warlords
• Nationalists defeat warlords and unite most of
  China in the 1920s
• Nationalists vs. Communism
• Two sides unite briefly to fight off the Japenese
  during WWII

7

• After WWII Communist party gains increased
  peasant support and defeat Nationalist Party
• 1949 Mao Zedong, leader of the Communists, ruled
  mainland China
• After Mao died in 1976, Deng Xiaoping became
  leader through the 1980s
• 1993, Jiang Zemin became president and focused on
  developing Chinas economy

8
Economy

• Since the 1980s China has had a market economy,
  which has lead to fast economic growth
• Rural Economy- China is a largely rural society
• Self-sufficient in agriculture
• 60 of workers work on farms
• Only 13 of land is farmable
• Industrial Economy
• In the northeast, abundant in manufacturing
  resources such as coal, iron ore and oil
• Shanghai center of manufacturing
• Heavy industries and Textiles

9
culture

• Influential contributions to cultures of Korea,
  Japan, etc.
• Chinese inventions
• Paper, printing, gunpowder, silk
• Religion or ethical traditions
• Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism

10
Population

• Most populous country in the world
• Majority live in the east on the river basins
• Two forms of health care
• Traditional medicines- herbal remedies and
  acupuncture
• Western medicine- drugs and surgery
• One-Child Policy
• 1979- one child per family