Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others

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Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others
Groupthink the mode of thinking that occurs
when the desire for harmony in a decision-making
group overrides a realistic appraisal of
alternatives
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vjpWr45bKWpE
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Re-Cap The Power of The Social Situation
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vOC_JfCWYnTQ
http//www.youtube.com/watch?voU1MkFSUG2A
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• Social Psychology
• Social Influence
• The Power of Individuals

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• Social Psychology
• Social Relations
• How do we relate to one another?

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• Social Psychology
• Social Relations
• Prejudice an unjustifiable attitude toward a
  group and its members

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• Social Psychology
• Social Relations
• Discrimination an unjustifiable negative
  behavior toward a group and its members

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How Prejudiced Are People?
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How Prejudiced Are People?
Automatic prejudice People view a White or
Black face, immediately followed by a gun or hand
tool, which is then followed by a mask.
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How Prejudiced Are People?
Automatic prejudice Participants are more
likely to misperceive a tool as a gun when it was
preceded by a Black face than by a White face.
http//www.youtube.com/watch_popup?vjVDblWOBZGAv
qmedium
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Social Roots of Prejudice
Social inequalities When resources are
unequally distributed, the haves develop
attitudes that justify things as they are. For
example, slave owners developed attitudes about
slaves that justified their enslavement.
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Social Roots of Prejudice
Ingroup and Outgroup People with whom we share
a common identity (ingroup) and people who we
perceive as different or apart (outgroup).
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Social Roots of Prejudice
Ingroup and Outgroup People with whom we share
a common identity (ingroup) and people who we
perceive as different or apart (outgroup).
Credit Sascha Grabow
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If a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens
its prevailing opinions. Talking over racial
issues increased prejudice in a high-prejudice
group and decreased it in a low-prejudice group.
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Emotional Roots of Prejudice
Scapegoat theory the theory that prejudice
offers an outlet for anger by providing someone
to blame.
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Cognitive Roots of Prejudice
Categorization our tendency to underestimate
similarities between individuals in our own
groups, but to overestimate similarities between
individuals in other groups.
Credit VizCogLab/University of Victoria
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• Social Psychology
• Social Relations
• Aggression any physical or verbal behavior
  intended to hurt or destroy

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The Biology of Aggression
Genetic, neural, and biochemical influences
aggression is influenced by heredity by
hormones, alcohol, and other substances and by
stimulation of neural centers.
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Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors
Frustration-aggression principle the principle
that frustration creates anger, which can
generate aggression
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vE4j4ujBQY8s
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Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors
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Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors
Observing models of aggression observing
aggression increases aggression.
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• Social Psychology
• Social Relations
• Attraction

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The Psychology of Attraction
Mere exposure effect repeated exposure to
stimuli in our immediate environment increasing
liking of these images.
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The Psychology of Attraction
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• Chapter Review
• What do social psychologists study?
• How do our attitudes and actions interact?
• Under what circumstances do we conform? And why
  do we conform?
• How does the presence of others affect our
  behavior and thinking?

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• Chapter Review
• What is prejudice, and what explains it?
• What explains aggression? And attraction?