Hoover vs. Roosevelt

1
Hoover vs. Roosevelt

• US History
• J. High

2
Causes effects the great depression

• US History
• High

3
The Multiple Causes of the Great
Depression    Overproduction Factories
manufacturing automobiles, radios, washers, and
other products produced mass quantities of goods
in anticipation of continued demand. As prices
rose by the late 1920s, producers were unable to
move their inventories and had to lay off
workers.   Under-consumption Consumers, because
of stagnant wages and the increased debt due to
credit purchases, did not purchase as many
manufactured goods as producers expected. In
addition, many wealthy Americans began investing
their money in real estate and the stock market
and did not purchase the quantity of goods
producers expected.   Speculation Investors,
many of them novices, purchased real estate and
stocks on credit (buying on margin). In
addition, consumers purchased many of the
material goods popular in the 1920s on credit.
When the stock market crashed, people were unable
to pay off the loans they had used to purchase
stock. They and the lenders lost millions of
dollars.
4
The Multiple Causes of the Great
Depression    Problems in Europe Because
Germany had difficulty repaying its war
reparations, the United States negotiated the
Dawes Plan. In this plan, United States
investors would loan money to Germany, who would
pay their reparations to England and France, who
in turn would pay their war debts to the United
States government. German economic problems
halted the payment of debts to all of the nations
involved.   High Tariff The tax on imported
goods was increased throughout the 1920s. This
enabled American manufacturers to block their
foreign competition. As a result, war-devastated
Europe was unable to make money selling their
goods in the United States, and Germany was
unable to pay off its war reparations.
   Oligopolies By the late 1920s, several
companies dominated key sectors of the American
economy. Usually one parent company owned
several large and small subsidiaries, and the
parent company controlled almost the entire
industry. This eliminated competition, kept
wages low, and increased prices for goods.   
5
The Multiple Causes of the Great
Depression    Failure of the Federal Reserve and
the Federal Government The Federal Reserve Bank
(Fed) was unable to control the amount of money
flowing in the American economy. The soft money
policies of the Fed increased the amount of money
in circulation thus encouraging unwarranted
speculation and risky bank loans. In addition,
the Federal government did not attempt to
regulate the procedures used by
banks.   Depressed Farm Prices During the Great
War, American farmers greatly increased their
production and made tremendous profits. After
the war, due to high tariffs, debt from wartime
expansion and weather related problems, American
farmers were heavily indebted and unable to make
a profit. Many farms were foreclosed and
farmers lack of income decreased the consumption
of manufactured goods.   Unequal Distribution of
Wealth In 1929, 60 of Americans at the lower
end of the economic scale received about 26 of
the total national income, while 5 of Americans
at the upper end received 30. Most upper income
Americans invested their money in real estate and
the stock market, thus reducing consumer
spending. Lower income Americans were unable to
keep up with increasing prices. They became
saddled with credit debt and reduced their
spending on consumer goods.
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
United States Business Cycle, 1890-1940
G.N.P.- gross national product total value of
all final goods and services produced in a
particular economy the dollar value of all goods
and services produced within a countrys borders
in a given year
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16

Peak
Expansion
Contraction
Recovery
The Business Cycle
Recession
Depression
17

• .What is the main concern of American citizens
  depicted in the cartoon?
• .Why do you think the artist chose a wave to
  represent Economic Peril?
• .Roosevelt, Hoover, and Smith are the
  Presidential candidates in 1932.
• Consider the dilemma facing the American citizen
  and identify which campaign is going to capture
  the MOST votes.

Peril- exposure to injury, loss, or destruction
grave risk jeopardy danger
18
Great Depression

• J. High
• US History

19
We're in the Money," lyrics by Al Dubin, music
by Harry Warren (from the film Gold Diggers of
1933, 1933) We're in the money, we're in the
money We've got a lot of what it takes to get
along! We're in the money, that sky is sunny,
Old Man Depression you are through, you done us
wrong. We never see a headline about breadlines
today. And when we see the landlord we can look
that guy right in the eye We're in the money,
come on, my honey, Let's lend it, spend it, send
it rolling along!    
20
The Bonus Expeditionary Force was a group of
World War I veterans along with their families
who participated in a demonstration in
Washington, D.C., in 1932. The purpose of the
demonstration was to receive payment of a bonus
that had been promised to them in 1924 for reward
for their service. The bonus payment was to be
allocated to the veterans in 1945, but due to the
widespread economic depression many needed the
funds immediately. The bill that would have
enabled the disbursement of funds was passed in
the House of Representatives, but rejected in the
Senate. The veterans were offered reimbursement
for travel home, which some accepted. Others
stayed in the capitol to live a vagrant-like
lifestyle others became violent, which resulted
in assaults against the police. Once the assaults
occurred federal forces were used to clear the
city of the marchers. The clearing of the camps
resulted in the wounding of hundreds of veterans,
as well as several deaths. Although this
temporarily solved the problem, once Franklin D.
Roosevelt was elected, portions of the Bonus Army
returned to the city to plead their case again.
This time, although the president did not support
the bonus bill, he and Eleanor were both
concerned with the plight of the veterans.
Eleanor served as an ambassador to many of the
troops, spending time talking to many. Roosevelt
did veto the bill however the Civilian
Conservation Corps and the Works Progress
Administration were attempts to employ many of
the veterans that were in need. It was not until
1936 that Congress officially passed a bill that
arranged for benefits to be disbursed to
veterans.  
21
Walker Evans, "Floyd Burroughs and Tengle
children, Hale County, Alabama," Summer 1936.
22
As agricultural technology took off in the
late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries,
the American Great Plains became the nation's
breadbasket. New technology -- specifically, the
widespread use of tractors -- exponentially
increased the amount of land exposed to the plow.
In the early 1930s, however, the ecological
companion to the economic devastation of the
Great Depression struck -- severe drought,
accompanied by high winds, left thousands of
acres without any form of ground covering to
prevent erosion. As a result, the high winds
picked up millions of tons of soil and deposited
it across the country. At first, the enormity of
the dust storms inspired amazement and awe
however, that sense of wonder soon gave way to
despair, as the constantly blowing dust turned
day into night and left people asking if "this
was the wrath of God." As you examine this image,
consider the effect that such photographs had on
government officials and the broader American
public as they sought political solutions to the
suffering caused by the Great Depression.
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
GERMAN DEPRESSION (Deutsch Marks)
33
(No Transcript)
34

• That's all right, Mr. President. We can just
  shake hands with ourselves.
•  
• In your own words, describe what each cartoon
  means.
• 2. What additional information is added by the
  captions?
• 3. What character traits and values is the
  cartoonist emphasizing?
• 4. What kind of influence do you think cartoons
  have on how the public perceives political
  officials, especially the president?
•  

35
Economic Peril
36
F.D.R. (D) Hoover (R)

37
F.D.R. (D) Hoover (R)

38
F.D.R. (D) Hoover (R)

39
F.D.R. (D) Hoover (R)

40
F.D.R. (D) Hoover (R)

41
F.D.R. (D) Hoover (R)

42
(No Transcript)
43
(No Transcript)
44
(No Transcript)
45
1932 Election

• What is the main concern of American citizens
  depicted in the cartoon?
•  Why do you think the artist chose a wave to
  represent Economic Peril?
• Roosevelt, Hoover, and Smith are the Presidential
  candidates in 1932.
• Consider the dilemma facing the American citizen
  and identify which campaign is going to capture
  the MOST votes.

• Citizen in boat
• Help! Roosevelt, Hoover, Smith, Oh! Anybody!

46
(No Transcript)
47
The 1932nd Psalm
WARM UP!
THIS IS ON YOUR HANDOUT!

• E. J. Sullivan wrote the following satire in
  1932.
•  
• Hoover is my shepherd, I am in want,
• He maketh me to lie down on park benches,
• He leadeth me by still factories,
• He restoreth my doubt in the
• Republican Party.
• He guided me in the path of the
• Unemployed for his partysake,
• Yea, though I walk through the alley of the soup
  kitchens,
• I am hungry.
• I do not fear evil, for thou art against me
• Thy Cabinet and thy Senate, they do discomfort
  me
• Thou didst prepare a reduction in my wages
• In the presence of my creditors thou anointed my
  income with taxes,
• So my expense overruneth my income.
• Surely proverty and hard times will follow me
• All the days of the Republican administration.
• And I shall dwell in a rented house forever.

1. What was the authors opinion of Hoover?
2. How may this song have influenced the American
   public? Voters?

48
Hoovers Policies
Program/ Effort Description Effectiveness Relationship to Rugged Individualism Would you support this program? Why/Why Not?
Presidents Committee for Unemployment Relief (PCUR) Encourage public to donate to charities Red Cross, YMCA Ineffective b/c spent 157,000 spent Completely voluntary Relieved government of responsibility to the people No because there is too much depending on public generosity Yes spreading a positive comm. Att Encourage ind.
public-works programs Federal contract awarded to construction projects w/in states Public Buildings, highway, dam Ineffective 800 mill Projects ran out w/out a perm. improvement Encouraged companies to be productive for funding No agreed with Mellon (laissez faire) Social Darwinism Yes did provide jobs, stimulate eco
agricultural efforts Federal Farm Board 500 mill for loans, supplies, and storage Booooo Planted more crops and lowers prices But helped get suppliessaved some farms Didnt give people direct relieve JUST encouraged farmers to help themselves ( Yes relieved some stress on farmers No giving farmers what they didnt need
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) Federal Gov. gave tax payer money to LARGE CORPORATIONS!!! Helped some large corp. avoid collapse Didnt help small business Didnt give to individual Americans Trying to trickle down Mellon General Pop. Needs more No some good, but isnt addressing the most severe problem No -
49
Hoovers Policies
Program/ Effort Description Effectiveness Relationship to Rugged Individualism Would you support this program? Why/Why Not?
Presidents Committee for Unemployment Relief (PCUR) Designed to assist state/local effort to give to charities YMCA, Salvation Army, RedCross Approach wealthy people Raised some money but not enough to have a lasting impact Involved private donations all voluntary Yes helps needy No the government needs to do more than asking for aid, need tax
public-works programs Gov provided contracts/material to states (roads, dam, bridges) Temporary b/c gave jobs Not enough to change perm. Money is going to people for jobs done Not for nothing Yes provided jobs infrastructure
agricultural efforts Federal Farm Board offered - seeds, pay loans, materials Effect priced neg. or not at all Reduce expenses ) Not giving direct relief Farm harder No b.c they need Direct Price control!!
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) Lend billl in tax to stabilize banks, RR comp, insurance, BIG BUSINESS trickle down Represented major shift in government Gov involvement No direct aid to people BUT helped indirectly No missed the most severe victims of the GD
50
mobanimated by the essence of revolution
BONUS ARMY
51
Washington Press

• What a pitiful spectacle is that of the great
  American Government, mightier in the world,
  chasing unarmed men, women, and children with
  army tanks

52
WARM UP!!

• Directions- Write your answer on the back of your
  Election1932 packet
• What common event of the Great Depression is
  depicted in these photos?
• Describe how President Hoover addressed the
  problem.
• Identify TWO solutions that would be MORE
  effective than the Hoover approach.

53
Hoover vs. Roosevelt

1. Why is Hoover unable to shake the ordinary
   citizens hand?
2. Which of Hoovers character traits and values is
   the cartoonist emphasizing?
3. How will this portrayal of President Hoover
   affect the publics opinion of the President?

That's all right, Mr. President. We can just
shake hands with ourselves Source
http//digital.lib.uiowa.edu Darling, 1929
54
(No Transcript)