MAGNETIC%20LEVITATION%20TRAIN

1
MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRAIN TECHNOLOGY II
STUDENTS TONY PEDERSON TOBY MILLER ADVISOR
DR. WINFRED ANAKWA
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS

• PROJECT SUMMARY
• PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAMS
• ORIGINAL SCHEDULE
• TASKS COMPLETED TO DATE
• REMAINING TASKS
• REVISED SCHEDULE

3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• TRAIN
• TRACK
• ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION
• HALBACH ARRAY
• LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
• CONTROLLER

4
PROJECT SUMMARY

• The goal of the project is to design a model
  size train that will be levitated and propelled
  by electromagnetism. A special magnet array
  called a Halbach array will be utilized along
  with a linear synchronous motor to make this
  train operate.

5
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRAIN WITH SPEED SENSOR
CONTROLLER
FREQUENCY REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR SPEED CONTROL
THREE-PHASE POWER INPUT
TRACK
6
TRAIN AND TRACK
7
TRAIN

• Made out of aluminum to minimize weight
• 4 rows of 8 magnets arranged in a Halbach Array
• 2 rows for levitation
• 2 rows for lateral guidance and propulsion
• May or may not have speed sensor. This will be
  determined later.

8
HALBACH ARRAY
Halbach Arrays are a special arrangement that
cancels the magnetic field above the magnets, but
still allows a field below the magnets. The
permanent magnets that will be using are made out
of Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB)
9
HALBACH ARRAY
10
HALBACH ARRAY
11
TRAIN
12
TRACK

• 2 wooden guide ways
• Wires will be wrapped around guide way to provide
  the levitation circuits
• A G scale model railroad track will be laid
  between guide ways to provide support for take
  off and stopping.
• A linear synchronous motor will be attached to
  the track to provide propulsion

13
TRACK
14
ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION

• The magnets on the train produce eddy currents in
  the levitation coils when traveling over them
• The method of levitation requires a certain
  velocity before levitation will occur

15
LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

• Same principle as a rotary synchronous motor
• The rotor will be the Halbach Array
• The stator will be coils of wire on the sides of
  the guide way
• The input will be a three-phase varying
  frequency signal at a very low frequency (2-10
  Hz)

16
PREDICTED TIMELINE SPRING SEMESTER

• WEEK 1 - BUILD THE TRAIN.
• WEEKS 2-4 - FINISH DESIGNING TRACK AND BUILD IT.
  
• WEEKS 5-12 - TESTING AND DESIGNING A CONTROLLER.
• WEEKS 13-14 PREPARING FOR FINAL PRESENTATION.

17
TASKS COMPLETED

• Milling and Construction of the train. This time
  frame also considers getting train and track
  supplies. This took the first four weeks of the
  spring semester
• Instillation of the magnets into the train in the
  proper Halbach Arrays. Trying to make track
  calculations for proper wire and levitation
  speed. Testing of different types of coils was
  completed.

18
TASKS COMPLETED

• Finish calculations for track and determine what
  wire will be used. This includes the numbers of
  turns, thickness, width, and distance apart
• Actually wrap the track with wire (either going
  to be sent out or find a freshman to do it)

19
EQUATIONS USED
OPTIMUM MAGNET THICKNESS .2wavelength (lambda)
Optimum wavelength 4piy1 (m) y1 levitation
height (lambda) Br (Tesla) remanent field of
the permanent magnet
20
EQUATIONS USED
LEVITATION FORCES
Excitation Frequency
Peak Strength of Magnetic Field
21
EQUATIONS USED
LEVITATION FORCES
22
EQUATIONS USED
LEVITATION FORCES
23
EQUATIONS USED
LEVITATION FORCES
Levitation Height .75 cm Transition Velocity
3.9 m/s Approximately 14,200 m of wire will be
needed for 24 ft of track.
24
PROJECT COSTS
200 32 NdFeB Permanent Magnets 100
Aluminum for Train 120 Model Track and
Wheels 43 Wood for Guide Rails FREE Wire
Wrapping for Guide Rails 463 Total Cost
25
COIL ESTIMATIONS
26
COIL ESTIMATIONS
Thickness of Wire of Turns Approx Amps
.0315 in 1 492 mA
.10189 in 10 awg 1 3.8 A
.10189 in 10 awg 5 9.9 A
27
COIL ESTIMATIONS
28
TESTING

• Compared the voltage and current graphs to find
  the phase lag.
• Measured the resistance and calculated the
  inductance of our coils.
• Used these to calculate the current needed at
  minimum levitation speed and what that speed is.

29
TESTING
30
TASKS FOR NEXT YEAR

• Redo the loading of the coils to lower the
  transition speed.
• Design the linear synchronous motor to propel the
  train.