Instructional Design

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Instructional Design

• John Penn

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Instructional DesignBanathy (1987) defines
Instructional Design as a system of procedures
for developing education and training curricula
in a consistent and reliable fashion. Banathy,
B.H.(1987). Instructional systems design. In R.M.
Gagne (Ed)., Instructional technology
Foundations. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
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Instructional Design TheoryLearning
TheoryInstructional Design ModelInstructional
design theory, Learning theory and an
Instructional Design Model are all relevant
aspects of Instructional design, but they are
different from one another because they describe
different aspects of instructional design.
Instructional Design Theory is a theory on how
to get learning to happen during the production
of instructional design material. Learning theory
is a theory about how learning takes place such
as examples of Behaviorism, Cognitivism and
Constructivism. An instructional design model is
the applied processes and steps that take place
to create the instructional design product.
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Instructional Design There are many
different instructional design models from which
to choose. Many of these models have common
features such as development of objectives, needs
assessments, and an iterative design-test-improve
cycle
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Instructional Design
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Instructional Design ADDIE
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Analysis Analysis is composed a structured
process to identify the WHO, WHAT and HOW that
need to be identified so that the instructional
design document can address the needs of the
people undergoing the learning and or training.
This would include WHO are you teaching and
what are the needs of the learner. WHAT are you
trying to teach and the outcomes that you are
looking for. HOW will the instructional designer
know if their end product users were able to
learn from the presented material. The
instructional designer can accomplish the WHO,
WHAT, HOW through utilization of what is known
as People, Document Recovery, Literature.
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Design Design is the systemic process of the
design elements of instructional design product.
Important elements of the design process are
delivery decisions, templates, interaction
planning, paper models and or storyboards,
navigation and testing. Delivery decisions is an
understanding of the proper means of distribution
of the instructional design product. Templates
are structures for information to be inserted on
the instructional design product. Interaction
planning is how the end users will have
interactions with the instructor/ facilitator,
with each other and the content. Paper models
and storyboards act as a way to test out the
instructional design presentation and material.
Navigation is how the user will get through the
instructional design documents and testing refers
to the actual testing of the instructional design
product to ensure that there are no bugs/ flaws
in the design and implementation.
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Development Development is a systemic way of
creating, testing and improvement of the
instructional design product. This is the stage
where the product is created and as close to its
finished state as possible. The development stage
has some vital components such as writer guides,
content creation, combination of content with the
templates, self testing/ revision, Alpha testing/
revision. All of these components help refine
the product and ensure for a good user
experience.
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Implementation Implementation is when the end
product is released and used by the end users of
the WHO. This is not the end of the process
however, Beta testing is performed to correct any
mistakes and or bugs with the end product. In
addition, data collection is performed to help
evaluate the end product.
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Evaluation Evaluation of the product serves as a
litmus test to see how well you served the needs
of the WHO,WHAT and HOW of the project. The
evaluation step gives an instructional designer
an opportunity to learn from any areas of
opportunity or mistakes they have made during the
production of the training material. This step
also allows for the instructional designer to
think about future strategies and potential new
ways in which to perform the next project.
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Why Use Instructional DesignInstructional
design allows for the instructional designers to
take what may seem to be an overwhelming,
non-linear project and give it structure to help
with the creation of the instructional design
product. The Instructional Design models help to
flesh out those structures. Most instructional
designers may use some of the design theory or
they may not use any of the design theories.
However, the use of instructional design can give
structure to the creation process and help stream
line the process to attain the best possible end
product.