Chemistry of Cells

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Chemistry of Cells
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Carbohydrates

• What is it?
• - They are organic compounds made of carbon,
  hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of
  121.

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Why are carbohydrates important to organisms?

• They are the key source of energy, and they are
  found in most foods-especially fruits,
  vegetables, and grains.

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Monosaccharides

• What is it?
• Monosaccharides are single sugars.
• What does it help build?
• - Monosaccharide help in building blocks of
  carbohydrates.

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Polysaccharides

• Polysaccharides are chains of three or more
  monosaccharides.
• Starches are examples of polysaccharides.

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Monosaccharides

• What is a disaccharide?
• They are double sugars formed when two
  monosaccharides are joined.
• Sugar is an example of a disaccharide.

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Lipids

• What is it?
• Lipids are nonpolar molecules that are not
  soluble.
• Lipids do not dissolve in water.

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Lipids

• Examples of lipids are
• fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.

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Protein

• What is it?
• Protein is a molecule formed by linked smaller
  molecules called amino acids.
• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

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Protein

• Examples of proteins are
• Legumes, eggs, milk, fish, poultry

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Nucleic Acids

• What is a nucleic acid?
• It is a long chain of smaller molecules called
  nucleotides.
• What is a nucleotide?
• A nucleotide has three parts a sugar, a base,
  and a phosphate group, which contains phosphorus
  and oxygen atoms.

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Nucleic Acids

• What is DNA?
• Deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two strands of
  nucleotides tat spiral each other.
• What is RNA?
• - Ribonucleic acid, may consist of a single
  strand of nucleotides or of based-paired
  nucleotides.

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ATP

• What is it?
• - Adenosine triphosphate is a single nucleotide
  with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups.
• Why is it important to cells?
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell.

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Agenda

• Create a graphic organizer for the following
  words
• carbohydrate
• monosaccharide
• lipid
• protein
• amino acid
• nucleic acid
• nucleotide
• Hint Use your text to help define the words.