Basic Chemistry

1
Chemistry of Life

• Basic Chemistry

2
Essential Question

• What are the basic elements of all living
  systems?

3
Matter

• I. Matter - Anything that has mass and takes up
  space
• A. There are 3 basic forms of matter
• 1) solid 2) liquid 3)gas
• B. All matter is composed of elements

4
Elements

• II. Element- a substance that cannot be broken
  down into simpler substances
• ex. oxygen, copper, nitrogen, carbon, gold
• A) Each element has
• specific properties
• (traits) that are different
• from the other elements.

5
Elements

• B) Elements are listed in the Periodic Table
• - the periodic table organizes the elements by
  similar characteristics 
• Periods are the horizontal rows that are numbered
  1 7, starting from the top row. Their
  properties change gradually and predictably
• Groups are vertical columns that contain elements
  with similar chemical or physical properties

6
The Periodic Table
7
Elements

• - each element on the periodic table is
  represented by a chemical symbol. Chemical
  Symbols are a shorthand way of representing
  elements.

Examples Symbol Name C carbon
Co cobalt N nitrogen Au gold
8
Elements
C) All elements are made of atoms.
9
Atoms

• III. ATOMS - the smallest particle of an element
• A) Atoms have a nucleus (center)
• -the nucleus is made of protons and neutrons
• protons are positively charged particles
• neutrons are particles with no charge

10
Atoms

• protons and neutrons have mass. The mass of the
  protons and neutrons (or the mass of the nucleus)
  is called the atomic mass.
• the number of protons in an atomic model is
  called the atomic number (SEE PERIODIC TABLE)

11
Atoms

• B) Atoms have electrons 
• electrons are tiny negatively charged
  particles that orbit (circle) the nucleus
• electrons circle the nucleus in a particular
  way. They travel on pathways called orbitals.

12
Molecules and Compounds

•   A compound is a substance made of different
  elements chemically combined
• chemical formulas represent compounds
• 1) they show the different kinds of atoms in
  the compound
• 2) they show the number of the different atom
  types (shown by subscript)

13
Molecules and Compounds
Ex. NaCl2   a) kinds Na (sodium) Cl
(chlorine) b) numbers Na 1, Cl 2
14
Molecules and Compounds

• B. Bonding
• 1. Atoms combine with other atoms to form
  molecules and compounds.

15
Organic Compounds

• All living things are composed of organic
  compounds.
• Generally, organic compounds are distinguished
  from inorganic compounds by the presence of both
  carbon and hydrogen. We are referred to as
  carbon-based life forms, as is all life on earth.
  This means that carbon is a component of most of
  the chemical molecules that make up living
  organisms on this planet.