3.2 Energy Flow

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3.2 Energy Flow

• Main source of energy for life on Earth?
• Sun
• Less than 1 used by living things
• some organisms rely on energy stored in
  inorganic chemical compounds

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Autotrophs/Producers

• capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use
  it to produce food
• Plants, algae, bacteria (cyanobacteria, salt
  marsh)
• They are VERY important to energy flow in the
  biosphere

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Photosynthetic bacteria

• cyanobacteria
• Tidal marsh
• salt marsh

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Photosynthesis
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Oh no! Lights out!

• Chemosynthesis-use chemical energy to produce
  CHOs
• Done in the absence of light
• Some bacteria
• Volcanic vents, hot springs, tidal marshes

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Consumers

• Heterotrophs consumers rely on other organisms
  for their energy and food
• Animals, fungi and many bacteria

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Types of Heterotrophs

• Herbivores eat only plants
• Carnivores eat animals
• Omnivores eat plants animals

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Herbivores (cont.)

• Detritovoreseat plant and animal remains and
  other dead matter (detritus)
• Decomposers break down organic matter

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Community Interactions

• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis two species live closely together
• 1. Mutualism
• 2. Commensalism
• 3. Parasitism

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What are you going to do?

• Create/draw/color a comic illustrating the
  symbiotic relationship between your two
  organisms.
• Do NOTI repeat, Do NOT use the name of the
  relationship in your comic!

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1 Grassland 2 Suburb 3 Coniferous Forest
4 Coniferous Forest Lake 5 Deciduous Forest
6 Deciduous Forest 7 Grassland 8 Suburb
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• What happens to the energy in an ecosystem when
  one organism eats another?
• Energy flows in one direction
• Sun ? producers ? consumers

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Food Web
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Trophic Levels

• Each step in a food chain or food web
• Producers 1st trophic level
• Consumers 2nd, trophic level (3rd, 4th, etc)
• Only about 10 of the energy available within one
  trophic level is transferred to organisms at the
  next trophic level

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What shapes an ecosystem?

• Biotic factors-the biological influences on
  organisms w/i an ecosystem
• Examples
• Abiotic factors-nonliving factors that shape
  ecosystems
• Examples

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• Biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival
  and growth of an organism and the productivity of
  the ecosystem in which it lives
• Habitat-the area an organism lives (includes
  biotic and abiotic factors)
• Niche-full range of physical and biological
  conditions in which an organism lives and the way
  it uses the conditions