????? ?????? Plant Nutrition - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

????? ?????? Plant Nutrition

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Title: Author: Dr. Mohsen Last modified by: welcome Created Date: 11/16/2005 5:17:59 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: ????? ?????? Plant Nutrition


1
????? ??????
  • ????? ??????Plant Nutrition

2
????? ??????
  • ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??
  • ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
    ???????
  • ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??
    ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??????
  • ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (???????
    ??????? ??????? ?????)     

3
??????? ???????? ????????
  • ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
    ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????
    ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????
    ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
    ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??
    ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????
    ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? C, O,
    H, N.
  • ???? 16 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????
    ???????

4
?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????
  1. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??
    ???????
  2. ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???
    ?????? ??? ??????
  3. ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????
  4. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????
  5. ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????.

5
??????? ???????? ????????
  • ??????? ???????? ??????  Macronutrients ???????
    ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? gt 1000 ??? ??
    ??????? ???
  • ?????? ?????? ????? ??? C, O, H ?? ????????? N
  • ?????? ?????? ??? N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
  • ??????? ???????? ?????? Micronutrients???????
    ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? lt 500
    ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? Fe,
    Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl

6
????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????
  • ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??
    ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????
    ???????? ?? ?????? ???????
  • ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????
    ??????? ????????????? ??????
  • ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????
    ??????
  • ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????
  • ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????
    ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????
    ??? pH

7
??????? ???????? ?? ??????
  • ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? 3 ??? ????? ??
    ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
  • ???????? ?? ????? ?????? Soil solution
  • ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????????
    Exchangeable
  • ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????
    ?????? ???????? . 

8
?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????
  • ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
  • ????? ?? ????? ????????? Available ??? ??????
    ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
    ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????
    ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
    ????????
  • ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? Unavailable
    ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????
    ?? ?????? ???????

9
??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????
  1. ???? ??? pH
  2. ????? ??????
  3. ?????? ??????
  4. ?????? ???????
  5. ??? ??????

10
????????? ?? ??????
  • ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????
    ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???
    ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??
    ?????? ?? ????? ??????

11
???? ?? ??????
  1. ?????? ????? 2 ?? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ?????
    ??? ????? ??????     NO3- , NO2- , NH4 ?????
    ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????
    ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????
  2.  ????? ???? ??? 99 ?? ????????? ?? ??????
    ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 5-6

12
 ???? ????????? ?? ??????
  • ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????
    ???  ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
    ???????   ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????

13
(No Transcript)
14
 ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????
  • ??????? Ammonification ????? ????? ?????????
    ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
    ????? ?? ???? NH4
  • ??????? Mineralization ???? ????????? ??????
    (NH2, Nh ) ??? ???? ?????? NH3 ,
  •   ?????? Nitrification ??? ????? ?????????
    ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???
    ????? ???? ??? ?????? -
  • NH4 3/2 O2 Nitrosomonaas
  • ???? NO2 2 H H2O
  • ???? NO2 3/2 O2 Nitrobacter NO3

15
  1. ?????? ??????? Nitrate reduction ????? ????? NO3
    ??? NH4 ???? ???????? ??????
  2. ??????? Assimilation ??? ????? NO3 ??? NH4 ????
    ????? ?????????? ?????
  3. ??????? Dentrification ????? ????? ??????????
    ???????? NO3 ?? ???? ????? ???    N2,N2O, NO2
    ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????

16
??????? ??????????
  • ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????
    Azotobacter ?????????? Azomonas ????????????
    Azospirrlia ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????

17
??????? ????????
  • ????? ?? ?????? ????????? Rhizobia ??? ???? ????
    ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????
    ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ??
    ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????
    ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????
    ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
    ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??

18
???????? ?? ??????
  • ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????
    ????????
  • ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??
    ?????
  • ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????
    ????
  • ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????
    ???????

19
??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????
  • ?? pH ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??
    ????? ?? 6.5 ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????
    ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????.
  • ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??
    ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??
    ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
  • ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
    ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????
    ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??
    ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????
    ????????? ????????

20
??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????
  • ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????
    ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??
    ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??
    ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????
  • ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 6.5
  • ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????
  • ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????
    ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???
    ??????
  • ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????
  • ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????

21
?????????? ?? ??????
  • ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???
    ??? 3 ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???
    ?????? ???
  • ???????? ????
  • ???????? ???? (??????)
  • ???????? ??? ????
  • ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
    ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
    ??? ????????? ?????????

22
??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????
  1. ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????
  2. ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????????
  3. ????? ?? CO2 ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????
    ?? ??????

23
????????? ?? ??????
  • ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????
    ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????
    ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????
  • ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????
    ???????????? ??? ????? ???????
  • ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????
  • ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
    ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???
  • ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????
    ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????
  • ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????
    ??????? ??? ????????????

24
?????????? ?? ??????
  • ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????
    ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????
  • ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
    ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????
    ?????? ???? ????? ??????
  • ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????
    ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????
    ?? ???? ????????????

25
??????? ?? ??????
  • ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????
    ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????
    ?????? ???????
  • ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????
    ????? ?????? ??????????
  • ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????
    ??????? ????? ????

26
??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????
Micronutrients
  • ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
  • ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????
    ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
    ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????
  • ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????
    ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  • ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
    ?????? ????????

27
??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????
  • ???? ?? pH ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?
    ???????? ???????? ?? 5 6.5 ??? ????????????
    ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? 6
  • ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????
    ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????
  • ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
    ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????
    ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????
    ???? ????????
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