Plant Structure and Function

1
Plant Structure and Function
2
Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed?
Fruit/Vegetable Part of Plant
Broccoli
Cabbage
Carrot
Celery Stalk
Corn Kernel
Garlic
Onion
Potato
Tomato
Zucchini
3
Plant Body

• Shoot system leaves stem
• Root system
• Meristem cells that divide for life of plant,
  can give rise to all plant structures

4
Three Types of Plant Tissues

• Vascular Tissue
• Transport
• Support
• Ground Tissue
• Synthesis of Sugars
• Storage
• Support
• Dermal Tissue
• Protection

5
Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth

• Apical Meristem
• tips of root and shoot
• increase in height
• Lateral Meristem
• cylinders within plant body
• increase in width

6
Plant Body
Leaf blade petiole

• Functions
• Exposes surface to sunlightMajor site of
  photosynthesisConserves waterProvides for gas
  exchange

Stoma opening in the leaf for gas exchange,
water evaporation
7
Structures of the Leaf
Conserves water
Photosynthesis
Transports water and sugar to stem and roots
8
Plant Body

• Stem series of nodes and internodes
• Functions
• Holds leaves up to light
• Transports substances through
  vascular tissue

9
Lateral Meristem Causes the Stem to Grow in Width
10
Wood and Bark are Products of Lateral Meristem
11
Plant Body

• Root
• Functions
• Anchors plant in soil
• Takes up water and minerals from
  soil

12
Applying Your Knowledge

1. Apical Meristem
2. Vascular Tissue
3. Stem
4. Leaf
5. Lateral Meristem

1. Where is the primary site of photosynthesis in a
   plant?
2. Which one is responsible for an increase in plant
   height?
3. Which one transports materials throughout the
   plant?

13
Flowering Plant Reproduction

• Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for
  reproduction.
• Flower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid
  products
• pollen grain
• ovule (contains egg cell)

14
A Complete Flower Has Both Male and Female Parts
Male part
Produces pollen
Anther
Attracts pollinator
Filament
Stigma
Petal
Style
Sepal
Ovary
Encloses and Protects Bud
Female part
Produces egg
15
Pollination andFertilization in a Flower
Mature PollenGrain
Sperm Cells
Tube Cell Nucleus
1. pollen grainsland on stigma
3B Fusion of 2ndsperm twopolar nuclei
2. pollen tubes growdown stigma to ovary
Stigma
3. doublefertilization
Style
Sperm
3A Fusion ofsperm egg
Ovule
Polar nuclei
Ovary
Egg
16
Development of Fruit and SeedsFrom Flower Parts
Provides nutrition
Endosperm
Triploid Endosperm Cell
FreshFruit
Ovary
SeedCoat
Integument
DiploidZygote
Embryo(new plant)

• Seed embryo stored food seed coat
• Fruit ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal
  

17
Applying Your Knowledge

1. Seed
2. Fruit
3. Pistil
4. Anther
5. Pollen

1. Which one develops from the ovary wall?
2. Which one produces pollen?
3. Which one develops from a fertilized ovule?
4. What is the name of the female part of the flower?