EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

1
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
2
CAPITALISM

• Private Ownership Free Enterprise system
  Capital belongs to individuals who are free to do
  as they like with it.
• Profit Motive base on the Law of Supply Demand
  When people want a product, producers will supply
  it to make a profit
• Free Market Economy Buyers sellers are free to
  exchange goods services at prices determined by
  supply demand
• Competition shapes Market consumers buy best
  goods for lowest price
• Laissez Faire Economics govt doesnt interfer
• -Employers take advantage of workers
• - Unequal distribution of wealth

3
SIZE OF CITIES

• Rural to Urban Cities double, triple, quadruple
  in size
• Factories develop near sources of energy
• New industrial cities specialize in certain
  industries
• Growth Middle Class
• Huge variety of goods produced cheaply
  affordable to more people

4
LIVING CONDITIONS

• No sanitary codes or building controls
• Lack of adequate housing, education, police
• Lack of running water and indoor plumbing
• Frequent epidemics sweep through slums
• Eventually, better housing, healthier diets, and
  cheaper clothing

5
WORKING CONDITIONS

• New jobs for more workers
• Workers must keep pace with machines
• Factories dirty and unsanitary
• Workers run dangerous machines for long hours in
  unsafe conditions
• Harsh and severe factory discipline
• Eventually, higher wages, shorter hours, and
  better working conditions

6
Effects of Machinery on Labor

• The Luddites
• People loose jobs to machines
• Luddites purposely damage factory machines in
  attempt to maintain their jobs
• Luddites will cause riots
• Eventually the riots will be put down and the
  Luddites jailed

7
EMERGING SOCIAL CLASS

• Upper Class of landowners and aristocrats
  resentful of rich middle class
• Industrial Middle Class of factory owners,
  shippers, and merchants
• Lower Middle Class of factory overseers and
  skilled workers
• Industrial Workers - overworked and under paid
• In general, a rising standard of living, with
  some groups excluded

8
Reform Movements

• Labor Unions by 1900 regulate factories for
  safer conditions, shorter hours, and better pay
• City Services by 1900, life in cities improve
  Sewage systems, police forces, building codes,
  hospitals
• Education-Free education for children in all
  industrialized nations

9
Education

• Industrial jobs require higher education
• Voting requires an educated citizenry
• Compulsory education demand for teachers
  (women)
• Literacy expands mass media develops
  newspapers for reading public

10
Womens Rights

• Feminism the movement for womens rights
• Women fight and win rights to property,
  education, and enter professions and occupations
  dominated by men ie medicine, law, politics
• Suffrage (vote) key to gaining equal rights.
  Suffragettes protest to gain attention police
  answer with arrests and brutal treatment
• (Iron Jawed Women)

11
Growth of Democracy

• Franchise/suffrage the right to vote Extended
  to most men and later to women (1918 in Britain
  1920 in U.S.)

12
SOCIALISM

• Society usually in the form of a government
  owns and controls important parts of the economy
  (factories utilities).
• This public ownership of the means of production
  allow wealth to be distributed more equally to
  everyone.
• Replace competition with cooperation

13
Communism

• Karl Marx writes The Communist Manifesto
  workers (Proletariat) would unite and violently
  overthrow the capitalists (bourgeoisie). A
  dictatorship of the proletariat would abolish
  capitalism and create a socialist economy when
  the economy stabilized, a classless society would
  emerge.

14
NEW SCIENCE

• Edward Jenner smallpox vaccine
• Louis Pasteur germ theory
• Secularization indifference to religion in the
  affairs of everyday life
• Charles Darwin Origins of the Species by Means
  of Natural Selection survival of the fittest and
  organic evolution

15
ROMANTICISM

• Reaction against Enlightenment classicism (reason
  balance)
• Art expresses feeling, emotion, imagination of
  artist or writer
• Mary Shelleys Young Frankenstein
• Edgar Allan Poe horror stories
• Ludwig van Beethoven

16
Eugene Delacroix
17
REALISM

• Charles Dickens shows realities of life of the
  poor in the early Industrial Age
• Oliver Twist
• David Copperfield
• Illustrate the brutal life of Londons poor

18
REALISM

• Artist Gustave Courbet portray scenes of everyday
  life

19
IMPERIALISM

• Increased need for even more NATURAL RESOURSES
  RAW MATERIALS for Industry lead strong industrial
  nations to exploit weak nations for their
  resources and location