Key Terms

1
Key Terms Responses to Industrialism (1)

• Utopianism
• Robert Owen
• Utopians
• Louis Blanc
• Karl Marx
• Frederich Engels
• Communist Manifesto
• Communism

• Class Struggle
• Proletariat
• Bourgeoisie
• Labor Unions
• Collective Bargaining
• Boycotts
• Blacklisting

2
Changes in Ideals

• With the growth of industrialism, the different
  social classes had different interpretations into
  what governments and economic activity should
  look like.
• The poor believed that rights should be expanded
  and laws should be made to protect the lower
  classes in factories.
• The upper classes sought little to no change
  since they were benefiting from the system that
  was currently in place where they acquired all
  the profits of industrialism.
• The middle classes believed in laissez faire
  economics and thought that rights and privileges
  should be expanded to the other classes.

3
Looking Outward

• Because many changes that the lower classes
  sought were not being instituted, many turned to
  other forms of government which they believed
  could bring the change that they were looking
  for.
• Many of the lower classes turned to socialism, an
  economic and political system in which profits
  were shared and people cooperated with each other
  rather than competed with each other.

4
Utopianism and Robert Owen

• Robert Owen, a wealthy businessman, sought to use
  radical methods as a means of making the lives of
  the working class significantly better.
• Owen bought a cotton mill in Scotland and used
  the area surrounding it for his socialist
  experiment.
• He would construct his own schools and buildings
  all with high standards and provided great
  working and living conditions for the mill
  workers.
• All the workers shared in the profits of the mill
  and Owen created what he believed was a Utopian
  society.
• Utopianism ? the belief that a perfect society
  can be constructed
• The idea ultimately failed since many could not
  cooperate with each other to a high enough degree
  to ensure the success of the society

5
Robert Owen and His Utopia
6
Louis Blanc and his Utopia

• Louis Blanc, newspaper owner and Utopian
  socialist had his own radical ideas as to how to
  create a utopia.
• Blanc believed that workers should be taught how
  to run factories and then be ceded control of
  those factories to generate their own profits.
• He believed people should be paid according to
  need and ability.
• Workshops would be set up in this fashion in
  France but would ultimately fail

7
Marx and Engels

• In 1848, Karl Marx and Frederich Engels created
  what was known as the Communist Manifesto.
• The ideas described in the manifesto spoke of
  what was known as scientific socialism or
  communism
• Marx believed all the problems that the workers
  faced were due to the capitalist economy.
• Under the capitalist system, the wealthy used
  their capital to hire labor which would get a
  salary but little share in the profits.
• The wealthy would get a large return on their
  capital while the workers would get little for
  their work.
• This system put the classes in conflict with each
  other leading to class struggle ? a battle over
  profits and wages between the proletariat (the
  working class) and the bourgeoisie (the owners)

8
Marx's Solution

• Marx believed that the only way that the
  proletariat could acquire the wages they deserved
  was through revolution.
• He believed that if the workers smashed the
  shackles of capitalism, they would gain control
  of industries and would be able to share profits
  rather than compete for them.
• This sharing would lead to the end of a need for
  state rule making people truly free.
• This idea would be accepted by the poor and
  destitute but fail to gain traction in countries
  that were doing well economically.

9
The Rise of the Labor Union

• Workers sought more immediate ways to influence
  owners to give them higher wages and workers'
  rights.
• One of these solutions was to form labor unions.
• Labor unions ? groups of workers who work the
  same occupation unifying to pressure owners to
  cede more rights and privileges.

10
Tactics of Labor Unions

• Labor Unions used many different tactics to
  acquire more rights and privileges.
• Collective bargaining ? using representatives to
  speak to owners and work together to negotiate
  terms, wages, benefits, and privileges.
• If this failed, arbitration was typically used.
• Strikes ? complete work stoppage until demands
  are met.
• Boycotts ? complete refusal to buy a product or
  service until a demand is met.
• If the owners could not find a way to get the
  workers back, they would use blacklisting ? a
  list that is compiled of workers who should not
  be hired because of participation in strikes or
  other damaging activity.

11
Strikebreaking