China

1
China

• 1. Nationalism was a powerful influence in China
  at the end of World War I.
• 2. In 1912 the Qing Dynasty was overthrown and
  the REPUBLIC OF CHINA was established. Its goal
  was to bring an end to foreign control in Chinese
  affairs.
• 3. End of WW1 brought with it uncertainty.
  Chinese people angry and looked to Russia and
  their Communist Revolution for answers.
• 4. In 1921, young Chinese men and Mao Zedong
  formed the first Chinese Communist Party.
• 5. After the death of Sun Yatsen a man named
  Chiang Kai Shek took control of Kuomintang
  government (Nationalist).
• 6. The Nationalists turned on the Communist and
  successfully killed many. However Mao escaped
  with his life.
• 7. Chiang Kai Shek formed a new government called
  the Nationalist Republic of China.
• 8. Mao and the communists moved to the country
  side.

2
China Rise of Mao

• 1. To escape the Nationalist government Mao led
  his followers into the mountains, they walked
  nearly 6,000 miles this is called the LONG MARCH.
  
• 2. Both groups called a truce during WWII,
  however civil war continued between 1946-1949.
• 3. Then in 1949 Mao and the communist party
  defeated the Nationalists and established a new
  government called Peoples Republic of China.

3
GREAT LEAP FORWARD

• 1. In 1958 Mao tried to reorganize all of China
  under communist lines by establishing the GREAT
  LEAP FORWARD.
• 2. An economic policy that called for the
  collective ownership of farms and factories.
  Private ownership was eliminated and production
  quotas were set for agriculture and industry.
• 3. Reorganized farms and factories into large
  collectives, where all ownership and decision
  making would be in the hands of government.
• 4. During this time China experienced droughts,
  flooding, and many other external factors which
  led to famine.
• 5. By 1960 this economic policy was abandoned.

4
Cultural Revolution

• 1. After the failure of his economic policy some
  Chinese pushed for private ownership of business.
  Mao began to see his dream of a classless
  society slipping away.
• 2. So he announced the CULTURAL REVOLUTION in
  1966. He encouraged all students to leave school
  and make war on anything that looked like it was
  promoting class differences.
• 3. Many students were organized into the RED
  GUARD. Their job was to rid China of anyone who
  was preventing China from becoming a nation of
  farmers and workers.
• 4. Leaders, business managers, college professors
  were targeted.
• 5. The Revolution lasted for 10 years in 1976 and
  the Red Guard was disbanded.

5
Maos death in 1976

• Mao died in 1976 and by 1980 Deng Xiaoping was
  named the new leader of China.
• Moderate on ideas, open up China to some foreign
  markets and allowed some private ownership.
• In 1989, as Communism came under attack
  throughout the world. Some Chinese students held
  a huge demonstration at Beijings Tiananmen
  Square. 10,000 students gathered there and
  Xiaoping ordered the military to break it up.
• Xiaoping remained in power until his death in
  1997.