ECOLOGICAL CHANGE

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ECOLOGICAL CHANGE

• Objectives
• How do ecosystems change by the process of
  succession?
• What are biomes?
• Describe the climax community in each of the 6
  land biomes of the world

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ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

• Process in which one community is gradually
  replaced by another
• Pioneer community the first community to enter
  an area
• Climax community the final or most stable
  community in an area

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BIOME

• Areas with similar climates and ecological
  communities
• Biomes can be aquatic (water) or terrestrial
  (land)
• classified by temperature, amount of rainfall,
  and characteristic plant and animal life

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AQUATIC BIOMES
Biome Description Plants/Animals
Fresh water No salt Ponds, lakes, rivers, streams Algae, lily pads, trout, frogs, ducks, leeches
Salt water (marine) Salty Oceans, seas Algae, kelp, starfish, whales, sea bass, sharks, octopus
Estuary Brackish (partially salty) may vary throughout the year Swamps, bays, wetlands Cattails, swamp grass, algae, muskrats, alligators, catfish, heron,
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TERRESTRIAL BIOMES
Biome Description Plants/Animals
Tundra Polar regions, artic, antarctic, extreme cold temperatures, permafrost (frozen ground), little rainfall Lichen (symbiotic algae and fungus), polar bear, fox,
Coniferous (Taiga) Long cold season, few warm months, average rainfall, most of Canada Pines, hardy shrubs, moose, deer, migratory birds
Deciduous Seasonal temperature variations, average rainfall, new York state Pines, firs, deciduous trees, variety of deer, ducks, rabbits, squirrels, snakes, toads
Rainforest Higher temperatures, significant rainfall, vegetation occurring in layers Lush forests, ferns, bromeliads, monkeys, frogs, salamanders, tucan, leopard, snakes,
Grasslands Wide open spaces, minimal rainfall with periodic droughts Grasses, rodents, prairie dogs, buffalo,
Desert Very little rainfall, extreme daily temperature fluctuations, predominately sand and rock Cacti, dry weeds, reptiles, insects