PLANTS

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PLANTS
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Plants Grouped by characteristics

• Nonvascular
• Simple most grow in moist places
• No vascular tissues.
• No way to move around water and nutrients
• Need to live close to water
• Mosses, liverworts, ferns
• Evolved first
• Vascular
• Have Vascular tissues roots, stems and leaves
• Allows them to grow large and in many different
  environments
• Includes trees, flowering plants, crops, etc.

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Non vascular Bryophytes

• Only nonvascular plants (mosses, liverworts)
• no ability to internally transport water and
  materials
• requires moist environment
• live in colonies, has rhizoids to anchor it
• important in soil formation

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Vascular Plants - Tissues

• Plants have 3 tissue systems
• Ground tissue
• Photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration,
  support, protection
• Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
• Movement of materials
• Dermal tissue (exterior)
• Protection and prevention of water loss

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Plants Stems

• Function of stems
• Support, transport of water food
• Green
• Woody
• Transport of materials
• xylem - conducts water and minerals
• phloem - conducts food

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Growth

• Plant growth occurs at specialized areas called
  meristems (meristematic tissue)
• Primary growth growth in length
• Secondary growth growth in girth

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Leaf function

• Photosynthesis - more later
• Transpiration - 99 of water absorbed by plant is
  lost by transpiration
• Stomata are tiny holes on the bottom of the leaf
  that let gases and water in and out
• Opening controlled by guard cells

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Photosynthesis

• Uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight -
  reactants
• Releases oxygen and makes sugar, oxygen is
  released - product

• chlorophyll the green substance found in plants
  that traps energy from the sun and gives plants
  their green color
• chloroplasts - where photoysynthesis happens

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Plant Evolution

• First Bryophytes - no roots, leaves or stems,
  no vascular system, simple reproduction relying
  on water.
• Second Ferns - first vascular system
• Reproduce using spores

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Gymnosperms

• Vascular, seed bearing, flowerless plants
• means naked seed
• largest division is conifers
• leaves are called needles
• Pines, cedars, spruces, firs

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Angiosperms

• Flowering, vascular plants
• Most successful plants deciduous trees
• Magnolias, roses, apple trees
• Plant Parts
• Pistil part of a flower that makes the eggs
  that grow into seeds
• Stamen part of a flower that makes pollen
• Pollen tiny grains that make seeds when
  combined with a flowers egg

monocot seed a seed that has one seed leaf and
stored food outside the seed leaf
dicot seed a seed that has two seed leaves that
contain stored food
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Plant Adaptations

• Specialized tissues vascular tissues
• Cuticles
• Waxy coating on surfaces
• resists drying out
• stomata exist to allow necessary gas exchange
• Alternation of generations
• Plants live part of their life in a haploid stage
  and part in a diploid stage
• haploid portion gametophyte
• diploid portion sporophyte
• Co-evolution with pollinators