DNA

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DNA
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Contents of the Nucleus
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DNA vocab

• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Chromosomes
• Chromatin
• Genes
• Genome

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Genetic Material DNA vs RNA - compare and
contrast.
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DNA Structure

• What is the structure called?

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Building blocks of DNA

• What are the building blocks of DNA?
• What are the building blocks made of? (3 parts)

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• How do they fit together?

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Try replicating this single strand of DNA
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• What is the significance of the order of the
  nitrogenous bases?

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Protein Synthesis Step 1 Make a Copy
Transcription
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Try Transcribing this piece of DNA into mRNA
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• Why doesnt the mRNA just stay inside the nucleus?

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Step 2 Reading the code to make the protein
Translation
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Breaking THE CODE An Analogy DNA is like a
novel Nitrogenous bases letters Triplets
words A gene a sentence A chromosome
a chapter
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The Code

• How do you follow the mRNA code?

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• Video on Protein Synthesis (includes tRNA)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNJxobgkPEAomodere
  latedsearch

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Try DECODING this piece of DNA Code
DNA T A C G G A C A G T A A A T T
mRNA
Amino acids
DNA T A C G G A C A G T A A A T T
mRNA A U G C C U G U C A U U U A A
Amino acids Methi-onine Methi-onine Methi-onine leucine leucine leucine valine valine valine isoleucine isoleucine isoleucine stop stop stop
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• Great video on a cells life functions
• http//www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/6850.ht
  ml
• Here is the explanation of what is happening
• http//sparkleberrysprings.com/innerlifeofcell.htm
  l
• Protein Production

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Protein Structure
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Genes

• WHAT are they?
• WHERE are they?
• How many genes do we have?
• WHY are we storing the information for PROTEINS???

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Enzymes

• WHAT are they?
• What do they do?
• Why do our DNA molecules store the instructions
  to make them?

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One Gene One Protein?

• Human genome approximately 25,000 genes
• Number of proteins humans make is approximately
  90,000.
• NOT SURE HOW THIS CAN BE!

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Gene Mutation
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Example Deletion The result can be a completely
non-functional proteindoesnt make sense. i.e.
--- THE CAT ATE THE RAT--- If you delete
a base (letter) C ---THE ATA TET HER
ATH-----

• Deletion
• Addition
• Substitution
• Positive
• Neutral
• Negative
• Mutagens

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• Another example
• Original message
• THE BIG DOG BIT TED AND RAN OFF ---
  ---
• ADDITION/FRAMESHIFT
• THE BIG FDO GBI TTE DAN DRA NOF
  F--

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What does Mutation have to do with Evolution?