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China:

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Title: China:


1
China Mongol to Ming
2
(No Transcript)
3
Mongolian Steppes
4
Xinjiang Region Typical Uygher Mongol Yurt
5
Mongol Invasions
6
Mongol Warriors
7
Mongol Archer
8
Gold Saddle Arch Mongols, 13c
9
Gold Saddle, Front View Mongols, 13c
10
The MONGOLS Golden Horde
  • Temujin --gt Genghis Khan Universal Ruler
  • 1162 - 1227
  • from the steppe dry, grass-covered plains of
    Central Asia

11
The MONGOLS Golden Horde
  • Genghis Khans Tax Laws
  • If you do not pay homage, we will take your
    prosperity.
  • If you do not have prosperity, we will take your
    children.
  • If you do not have children, we will take your
    wife.
  • If you do not have a wife, we will take your
    head.
  • Used cruelty as a weapon --gt some areas never
    recovered from Mongol destruction!

12
Mongol Nobleman, late 13c
13
Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early 14c
14
Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c
15
The Extent of the Mongol Empire
16
Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.
  • Kublai Khan r. 1260-1294
  • Pax Mongolica Mongol Peace
  • Tolerated Chinese culturebut lived apart from
    them. ?
  • No Chinese in top govt. posts.
  • Believed foreigner were moretrustworthy.
  • Encouraged foreign trade foreign merchants to
    live and work in China.
  • Marco Polo

17
Marco Polo (1254-1324)
  • A Venetian merchant.
  • Traveled through YuanChina 1271-1295
  • Black Stones coal
  • Gunpowder.
  • Noodles.

18
Marco Polos Travels
19
Yuan Porcelains Ceramics
20
Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.
  • The Black Plague was spread by the Mongols in
    the mid-14c.
  • Sent fleets against Japan.
  • 1281 --gt 150,000 warriors
  • Defeated by kamikazi winds of the gods ?
  • Kublai Khan experienced several humiliating
    defeats in Southeast Asia late in his life.

21
Chinas last native imperial dynasty!
22
The Forbidden City Chinas New Capital
23
Revived the Civil Service Exam
24
Ming Cultural Revolution
  • Printing Literacy
  • Cheap, popular books
  • woodblock printing.
  • cheap paper.
  • Examination system.
  • Leads to explosion in literacy. ?
  • Leads to further popularization of the commercial
    market.
  • Culture Art
  • Increased literacy leads to increased interest in
    cultural expressions, ideas, and things
  • Opera.
  • Literature.
  • Painting.
  • Ceramics.

25
Ming Silver Market
  • Spanish Silver Convoys
  • Triangle route
  • Philippines to China to Japan.
  • Silver floods Chinese Market
  • Causes devaluation of currency recession
  • Adds to reasons for Chinese immigration overseas.
  • Reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe
  • Increases interest in Chinese culture ideas in
    Europe.
  • Helps fund conquest of New World ?
  • Encourages Europeans in conquest trade.

26
Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.
  • Golden Age of Chinese Art
  • Moderation
  • Softness
  • Gracefulness
  • Three different schools ofpainting developed.
  • Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed
    theForbidden City.

27
Ming Emperor Tai Zu (r. 1368-1398)
28
The Tribute System
29
Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)
  • Ming Treasure Fleet
  • Each ship 400 long 160 wide
  • Chinas Columbus? ?

1371-1435
30
Admiral Zheng Hes Voyages
  • First Voyage 1405-1407 62 ships 27,800 men.
  • Second Voyage 1407-1409 Ho didnt go on this
    trip.
  • Third Voyage 1409-1411 48 ships 30,000 men.
  • Fourth Voyage 1413-1415 63 ships 28,500 men.
  • Fifth Voyage 1417-1419
  • Sixth Voyage 1421-1422
  • Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and
    ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work.
  • Seventh Voyage 1431-1433
  • Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to
    restore peaceful relations with Malacca Siam
  • 100 ships and 27,500 men Cheng Ho died on the
    return trip.

31
  • 1498 --gt Da Gama reached Calcutta, Chinas
    favorite port.

32
Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c18c
33
Ming Vases, 18c
34
Ming Carved Lacquer Dish 15c
35
Ming Scroll PaintingTravellers in Autumn
Mountains
36
Ming Painting Taoist Scholar
37
Ming Painting Birds and Flowers, 16c
38
Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early 16c
39
Imperial Chinas Impact on History
  • Removed religion from morality.
  • Beginnings of political philosophy through which
    a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate.
  • Mandate of Heaven
  • Secular law.
  • Valued history --gt The Dynastic Cycle
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