Title: China:
1China Mongol to Ming
2(No Transcript)
3Mongolian Steppes
4Xinjiang Region Typical Uygher Mongol Yurt
5Mongol Invasions
6Mongol Warriors
7Mongol Archer
8Gold Saddle Arch Mongols, 13c
9Gold Saddle, Front View Mongols, 13c
10The MONGOLS Golden Horde
- Temujin --gt Genghis Khan Universal Ruler
- 1162 - 1227
- from the steppe dry, grass-covered plains of
Central Asia
11The MONGOLS Golden Horde
- Genghis Khans Tax Laws
- If you do not pay homage, we will take your
prosperity. - If you do not have prosperity, we will take your
children. - If you do not have children, we will take your
wife. - If you do not have a wife, we will take your
head. - Used cruelty as a weapon --gt some areas never
recovered from Mongol destruction!
12Mongol Nobleman, late 13c
13Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early 14c
14Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c
15The Extent of the Mongol Empire
16Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.
- Kublai Khan r. 1260-1294
- Pax Mongolica Mongol Peace
- Tolerated Chinese culturebut lived apart from
them. ? - No Chinese in top govt. posts.
- Believed foreigner were moretrustworthy.
- Encouraged foreign trade foreign merchants to
live and work in China. - Marco Polo
17Marco Polo (1254-1324)
- A Venetian merchant.
- Traveled through YuanChina 1271-1295
- Black Stones coal
- Gunpowder.
- Noodles.
18Marco Polos Travels
19Yuan Porcelains Ceramics
20Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.
- The Black Plague was spread by the Mongols in
the mid-14c. - Sent fleets against Japan.
- 1281 --gt 150,000 warriors
- Defeated by kamikazi winds of the gods ?
- Kublai Khan experienced several humiliating
defeats in Southeast Asia late in his life.
21 Chinas last native imperial dynasty!
22The Forbidden City Chinas New Capital
23Revived the Civil Service Exam
24Ming Cultural Revolution
- Printing Literacy
- Cheap, popular books
- woodblock printing.
- cheap paper.
- Examination system.
- Leads to explosion in literacy. ?
- Leads to further popularization of the commercial
market.
- Culture Art
- Increased literacy leads to increased interest in
cultural expressions, ideas, and things - Opera.
- Literature.
- Painting.
- Ceramics.
25Ming Silver Market
- Spanish Silver Convoys
- Triangle route
- Philippines to China to Japan.
- Silver floods Chinese Market
- Causes devaluation of currency recession
- Adds to reasons for Chinese immigration overseas.
- Reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe
- Increases interest in Chinese culture ideas in
Europe. - Helps fund conquest of New World ?
- Encourages Europeans in conquest trade.
26Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.
- Golden Age of Chinese Art
- Moderation
- Softness
- Gracefulness
- Three different schools ofpainting developed.
- Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed
theForbidden City.
27Ming Emperor Tai Zu (r. 1368-1398)
28The Tribute System
29Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)
- Ming Treasure Fleet
- Each ship 400 long 160 wide
- Chinas Columbus? ?
1371-1435
30Admiral Zheng Hes Voyages
- First Voyage 1405-1407 62 ships 27,800 men.
- Second Voyage 1407-1409 Ho didnt go on this
trip. - Third Voyage 1409-1411 48 ships 30,000 men.
- Fourth Voyage 1413-1415 63 ships 28,500 men.
- Fifth Voyage 1417-1419
- Sixth Voyage 1421-1422
- Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and
ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work. - Seventh Voyage 1431-1433
- Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to
restore peaceful relations with Malacca Siam - 100 ships and 27,500 men Cheng Ho died on the
return trip.
31- 1498 --gt Da Gama reached Calcutta, Chinas
favorite port.
32Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c18c
33Ming Vases, 18c
34Ming Carved Lacquer Dish 15c
35Ming Scroll PaintingTravellers in Autumn
Mountains
36Ming Painting Taoist Scholar
37Ming Painting Birds and Flowers, 16c
38Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early 16c
39Imperial Chinas Impact on History
- Removed religion from morality.
- Beginnings of political philosophy through which
a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate. - Mandate of Heaven
- Secular law.
- Valued history --gt The Dynastic Cycle