Platform-based Design

1
Platform-based Design

• 5KK70
• TU/e
• 2009
• Henk Corporaal
• Bart Mesman

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Embedded Systems Courses

• We go through all the design steps of a complete
  multi-processor embedded system
• (containing hardware and software)
• Discuss many design trade-offs
• 4 connected courses
• Systems on Silicon 5kk60
• Platform-based Design 5kk10
• Multiprocessors 5kk80
• Embedded System Laboratory 5kk33 (lab course)

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Processor Architectures and Program Mapping

• Objectives
• Study the processing components of future
  multi-processor platforms, ranging from
• highly flexible processors, to
• highly computational-efficient processors
• Learn how to program these platforms and map
  applications to them
• Learn how to exploit the (data) memory hierarchy

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Processor design spectrum
5
Computational complexity
6
Your smartphone

• 3 Watt
• 1 Watt for digital electronics
• 1 Watt for radio
• 1 Watt for the rest
• Battery 4 Wh
• Next generation LTE based smartphones 100 Gops /
  Watt
• radio 40 Gops
• media processing 20 Gops
• graphics 6.5 Gops

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Your smartphone

• 100 Gops/Watt ? 10 pJ/op
• ARM 11 in 65 nm (2008) 0.2 mW/MHz ? 200 pJ/op
• HW in 65 nm about 2 pJ/op
• Concl
• we need special HW to support the major
  processing kernels

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Topics (1)

• Basic RISC principles MIPS example
• DSP processors
• VLIW architectures
• SIMD architectures
• ASIPs
• MIMD architectures
• NoC and MPSoC
• Compiling code for ILP architectures

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Topics (2)

• RTOS
• Wireless Sensor Networks
• Smart Camera (Networks)
• Data Memory Management techniques
• Loop transformations
• Student presentations (2x)
• based on studied articles

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Lab exercises

• Exploration
• Programming and Exploration using the Imagine or
  SiHive architecture
• Programming a real MP platform
• CELL,
• GPU, or
• IC3D (with Xetal SIMD) or IMAP platform
• Program transformations
• Optimizing the memory behavior of your program to
  achieve extreme low power
• Applying loop transformations

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Exam and Grading

• Exam is oral
• Labexercises can be largely done at home
• Grading is 40 theory 50 assignments 10
  student presentation
• Material
• Website http//www.es.ele.tue.nl/heco/courses/Pla
  tformDesign
• Slides and Handouts (incrementally available_
• Lab material (will be put online)

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Embedded System Architectures on Silicon
TIVO

• Application oriented
• smart devices
• adaptable, flexible
• real-time DSP

1 cm2 1V 1 W 10 Euro
implemented in silicon
not a Pentium but a domain specific and
programmable ES
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Embedded System Architect
Applications (DSP) algorithms C/C,
Java Matlab, SDL, ...

• is reponsible for a strategic
• interaction between the
• different disciplines
• has a basic knowledge of the
• different disciplines
• is a generalist, not a specialist

Embedded System Architect
low power analog, robustness/dfm VHDL, Verilog
Challengepermanently confronted with new
domains
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Complexity
DeMan

• Complexity depends on
• the number of different component types (not
  number of components)
• different types of interactions
• lack of structure in the interactions

Complex
simple
Complexity is different for the architect and for
the IC technologist
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Comparison
PC general purpose Who Computes, anyway
? Single hardware platform ASAP (as soon as
possible) env. adapts to the system (wait) lower
reliability difficult to use end-user software
unlimited resources
embedded system purpose-built and
programmable appliance oriented smart
devices multiple hw/sw platforms real-time
constraint system adapts to the environment high
reliability (no reset button) user
friendly deeply embedded software running on
limited resources
BUT both use similar technology e.g.
programmable cores, RTOS (e.g. Win-CE)
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Embedded Systems Characteristics

• safety critical
• reactive fast reaction on critical control
  events
• portable weight, power dissipation
• mobile network protocols, power dissipation
• consumer systems cost, reliability, user
  friendly interface
• professional systems availability, reliability,
  remote analysis and diagnosis, redundancy
• multimedia text, graphics, speech, audio,
  images and video
• connected through various standards

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Where are these embedded systems

• 70 micro-controllers in a modern high end car
• engine control,
• ABS,
• airbag,
• airco,
• interior illumination,
• central lock,
• alarm, radio,

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Topic details

• RISC architectures MIPS
• VLIW architectures
• ILP compilation
• SIMD
• Xetal, IMAP
• ASIP
• NoC
• MPSoC platforms
• GPU, CELL, .

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Topic details

• WSN (wireless sensor networks)
• RTOS
• scheduling
• DMM
• Student presentations