Mongolian Empire

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Mongolian Empire
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I. Mongols

• A. Mongols lived in an area North of China
• B. Nomadic tribe that raised cattle, goats,
  sheep, and horses
• C. Followed their herd of animals through the
  steppes (grassy plains) of Mongolia.
• D. Skilled on horseback and learned as early as
  age 4
• E. Skilled in combat/warfare
• 1. Fire arrows and spears at their enemies at a
  distance on horseback

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II. Genghis Khan

• A. Temujin was born in the 1160s
• B. He began to unite the many Mongol tribes at a
  very young age
• C. Temujin was elected strong ruler or Genghis
  Khan over the Mongol tribes in 1206.
• D. Genghis Khans main goal was to conquer lands
  beyond Mongolia

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III. Building an Empire

• A. Genghis Khan gathers an army of over 100,000.
• B. Divided his army into smaller divisions
• C. Commanding officers were chosen based on
  ability and not by family ties or birth
• D. Genghis Khan started conquering the tribes
  within the steppes.
• 1. Increased the wealth of the Mongols and
  brought new soldiers to his skilled army

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• E. In 1211, the Mongols would attack and conquer
  Northern China
• F. Mongols were known for using terrorist
  tactics to scare people into surrender
• 1. Burned cities, robbed, tortured, and killed
  hundreds of thousands of people.
• G. Genghis Khan would die in 1227, when he fell
  from his horse. The empire building would
  continue under the leadership of his four sons

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IV. Mongolian Empire

• A. After Genghis Khans death, the Mongols would
  conquer land in eastern and central Europe,
  southeast Asia, and the Middle East
• B. Mongols would unite their territories under
  one rule.
• C. The largest land empire the world has ever
  known stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern
  Europe

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• D. Mongols would bring peace to lands they
  conquered
• E. Mongols would become wealthy by taxing goods
  traded on Asian trade routes (Silk Road)
• F. From conquering China, the Mongols would also
  adapt gunpowder for their own use of terror.

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V. Kublai Khan

• A. Genghis Khans grandson, Kublai, became Khan
  in 1260.
• B. Starting in 1271, he would begin the ten year
  process of conquering all of China
• C. He would establish the Mongolian capital in
  Khanbaliq, which is where the modern city of
  Beijing is located
• D. Kublai Khan would make himself emperor of
  China and establish the Yuan Dynasty
  (beginning).

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• E. Using the Silk Road and under Mongol rule,
  China would become very powerful and wealthy.
• F. A European traveler, Marco Polo, would reach
  China and Kublai Khan was fascinated with his
  stories.
• 1. After 16 years of working with Kublai Khan,
  Polo would return to Europe and write a book
  about his experience in China.
• 2. The book would become a best seller in
  Europe, enticing many Europeans to travel to Asia

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• G. Kublai Khan would take control of Korea
  because the Koryo, or rulers of Korea, accepted
  Mongol rule.
• H. Mongols would force thousands of Koreans to
  build ships for their next conquest, Japan

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VI. Japan

• A. With the warships the Koreans built, the
  Mongols would launch two separate invasions of
  the island of Japan (1274 and 1281).
• B. Each invasion was a failure because of
  violent Pacific storms known as typhoons that
  destroyed Mongol warships.
• C. The Japanese would name the typhoons
  kamikazes, which means divine wind.
• D. The Japanese would continue to be an isolated
  community where a feudal system thrived until the
  1800s.

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VII. China and Korea rebel

• A. Kublai Khan would die in 1294 and a series of
  weak rulers that followed weakened the empire.
• B. In 1368, a series of rebellions led by Zhu
  Yuanzhang drove the Mongols out of China.
• 1. Zhu would become emperor establishing the
  Ming Dynasty.
• C. As the Mongols lost power, the Koreans would
  also regain their sovereignty
• D. China and Korea would become united countries
  because of Mongol rule.