?????????????(cultural tools) ???????

1
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• ??????? ? ?????????????????? ??????????????????
• ?????????????(cultural tools) ???????

2

• Inter-psychological intra-psychological
• (social interaction) ------ (inside of child)
• internalization

Vygotskys sociocultural perspective
Piagets stage cognitive development
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3

• how people------------- with help of instrument
  and signs ------------------direct their
  attention, organize, conscious memorization, and
  regulate their conduct.
• (receive) object -------tool (language, text,
  picture..) (perceive)------sing (self-regulate)
• 
  
• external stage interact with others
• (interpschological)
• Low---------------------------------------high
• Internalized
  inside of child
• 
  (intrapschologicla)

4

• Cultural tools--Physical psychological tools
• Lower-order thinking to higher-order thinking is
  a mediated process
• Low----------------------------------------------H
  igh
• Memorial---mediated by cultural tools
  ---reasoning, problem solving

5
Vygotskys ZPD

• the zone of proximal development
• -- it is the distance between the actual
  development level as determined by independent
  problem solving and the level of potential
  development as determined through problem solving
  under adult guidance or in collaboration with
  more capable peers-(Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86)

6
(No Transcript)
7

• Egocentric speech (they talk about what matter to
  them, without taking account the listeners needs
  and interests.--Piaget
• Private speechusing muttering to move children
  toward self-regulation, the ability to plan, to
  guide their thinking and problem solving.
  --Vygotsky

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Scaffolding

• Is to support for learning and problem solving.
  The support could be clues, reminders,
  encouragement, breaking the problem down into
  steps, providing an example, or anything else
  that allows the students to grow in independence
  as a learner.

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???????????????A framework for understanding the
needs of young people in relation to the society

• ?????????(trust vs. mistrust???18??)
• ????????????(autonomy vs. doubt18???3?)
• ???????????(initiative vs. guilt3?6?)
• ????????????(industry vs. inferiority6?12?)
• ????????????(identity vs. role confusion12?18?)
• ????????????(intimacy vs. isolation????)
• ????????????(generativity vs. self-absorption???
  ?)
• ????????????(integrity vs. despair???? )

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• ??? ?? ???
• ????????? (?????????????) ????? (???????????
  ????? ????? ??????) ?????? (???????????????

11
??????????

• ?????????(moral dilemmas) ?????????????????????
  ????
• ?????? ??????? ??????
• ????? ???????? ?????
• ?
• ?????? ?????? ????????