Instructional sequence and its underlying learning theories (??????????)

1
Instructional sequence and its underlying
learning theories(??????????)

• By Lan Weihong

2
Stage 1 Experience

1. What learning process does a child go through
   before he can use new words and new sentences to
   express himself in speaking or writing? Or
2. What learning process does a language learner go
   through before he can use new words and new
   sentences to express himself in speaking or
   writing?

3

• 3. How do you interpret
• these two figures in terms
• of learning process or
• Teaching process?

4
(No Transcript)
5
Stage 2 Experience and exploration

• 4. Watch a teaching case and think
• (1) What process do the pupils go through before
  they can complete communicative tasks by using
  the new words and sentence? Or
• (2) What process does the teacher go through in
  order to enable the students to apply the new
  words and sentences in the communicative
  activities?

6
Stage 3 Exchange

• Before the students can successfully communicate
  by using the new words and sentence, they _____.
• To enable the students to complete communicative
  tasks by using the new words and sentence, the
  teacher _____.

7

• For reference during the exchange
• ?????????????????????????????
• 1)?? 2) ? 3) ? 4) ?? 5) ?? 6)?? 7)? 8)??
  9)?? 10) ?? 11) ??12)??

8
Gagné (1962,1968) Learning hierarchy

• stimulus recognition ?
• response generation ?
• procedure following?
• use of terminology?
• Discriminations ?
• concept formation?
• rule application?
• problem solving

9

• ?????
• ???????
• ?????
• ???????
• ?????
• ?????
• ????????
• ?????

10
Gagnés instructional events

• 1. gaining attention (reception)(????? ??)
• 2. informing learners of the objective
  (expectancy)(?????????? )
• 3. stimulating recall of prior learning
  (retrieval)(?????????? ??)
• 4. presenting the stimulus (selective
  perception)(?????? ??????)

11

• 5. providing learning guidance (semantic
  encoding)(?????? ????? )
• 6. eliciting performance (responding)(?????? ?
  ??)
• 7. providing feedback (reinforcement)(???? ? ??)
  

12

• 8. assessing performance (feedback)(?????? ? ??
  )
• 9. enhancing retention and transfer
  (generalization)(???????? ??,???).

13
Hunters Elements of Lesson Design

• Anticipatory Set How will students attention
  be focused?
• Objective and Purpose What will students learn
  and why?
• Input What new information will be discussed?
• Modeling How can teacher illustrate new skill
  or content?

14

• Check for Understanding How can teacher
  determine if students are learning?
• Guided Practice What opportunities are given to
  practice new materials?
• Independent Practice How can assignments be
  used for retention and transfer?

15
Language learning process

• ?? ?
• ?? ???
• ?? ??/??/ ??
• ??/?? ?? (/????????)

16
Stage 4 Extension

• What sequence should we follow when designing a
  English lesson for pupils?

17
?????????????

• Step 1 ??/ Warming-up/ Preparation
• Step 2 ??/ Presentation
• Step 3 ??/Practice/ consolidation/
• Step 4 ??/Development/ Extension
• Step 5 ??/Feedback/ Summary

18
4 P ??

• Preparation(??)
• ?Presentation(??)
• ?Practice(??)
• ? Production(??)

19
Stage 5 Evaluation

• 1. From the topic of Language acquisition,
  learning hierarchy and instructional sequence I
  have learned that when we design an English
  lesson for pupils, we must base our
  instructional sequence on ___________. And Id
  like to learn more about______.

20

• 2. Key words for searching for relevant
  information and further study
• language acquisition / ????
• learning hierarchy/??????
• instructional sequence/????