2.3 Eukaryotic Cells

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2.3 Eukaryotic Cells
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2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the
ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of
an animal cell.
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Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatuses
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondrion
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2.3.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the
functions of each named structure.

• Golgi Apparatus- for processing proteins
  (pp.119)
• Lysosomes- hold digestive enzymes (pp.121)
• Nucleus- hold chromosomes (pp.117)
• Mitochondrion- for aerobic respiration (pp. 123)
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum for synthesis of
  proteins that will be secreted (pp. 118)
• Ribosomes- for protein synthesis (pp.117)
• More detailed information from Campbell textbook

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2.3.4 Compare Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Feature Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Type of Genetic Material Naked loop of DNA Chromosomes consisting of strands of chromosomes. DNA associated with protein (histones).
Main Location of Genetic Information Cytoplasm in Nucleoid Nucleus inside double nuclear membrane (nuclear envelop)
Mitochondria Not present. Cell surface membrane and mesosome used instead Always present
Ribosomes Small sized (70S) Large sized (80S)
Organelles bound by single membrane Few or none present Many present including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes
SSvedburg Units (system used to measure size of
organelles)
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Source http//micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryo
tes/images/procaryote.jpg
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Eukaryotic Cell
Source http//www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-onlin
e/library/onlinebio/5_6.jpg
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2.3.5 State three differences between plant and
animal cells
Feature Animal Plant
Cell Wall Not present. Only have cell surface membrane Cell wall and cell surface membrane present
Chloroplasts Not present Present for photosynthesis
Carbohydrate Storage In form of glycogen In form of starch
Vacuole Not usually present. Small/ temporary vacuoles sometimes found Large fluid-filled vacuoles
Shape Can change shape rounded Fixed shape regular
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Animal Cell
Source http//cmweb.pvschools.net/bbecke/newell/
images/cells/Animal-Cell.jpg
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Plant Cell
Source http//www.molecularexpressions.com/cells/
plants/images/plantcell450.jpg
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• Detailed pictures of an animal and plant cells
  can also be seen in the Campbell textbook pp.
  114-115.

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2.3.6 Outline two roles of extracellular
components

• 1. The plant cell wall maintains cell shape,
  prevents excessive water uptake, and holds the
  whole plant up against the force of gravity. The
  main component of the cell wall is cellulose.
  Bundle of cellulose is called microfibils. These
  also give great tensile strength and allow high
  pressure to develop inside the plant cell.

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• 2. Animal cells secrete glycoproteins (proteins
  with covalently bonded carbohydrate, usually
  short chains of sugars) that form the
  extracellular matrix (ECM). The most abundant
  glycoprotein in the ECM of most animal cells is
  collagen, which forms strong fibers outside the
  cells. The collagen fibers are embedded in a
  network woven from proteoglycans, which are
  glycoproteins of another class. The ECM of
  animal cells function in support, adhesion,
  movement and regulation.
• More information from Campbell textbook pp.133

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Vocabulary List

• Ribosomes
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Lysosome
• Golgi Apparatus
• Mitochondrion
• Nucleus
• Naked DNA
• Cytoplasm
• Nuclear Membrane
• Organelles
• Cell Wall
• Chloroplast
• Vacuole
• Glycoproteins
• Cellulose
• Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
• Collagen

• Proteoglycans
• Tensile Strength
• Microfibils