Previously on Bio308

1
Previously on Bio308
Introduction to Bipolar
Disorder
Parts of a neuron
Types of synapses
Parts of a synapse
2
Now on Bio308
Compounds that mediate signaling
Types of responses that occur
Post-synaptic cell receptors
3
Compounds that mediate signaling
Neurotransmitter vs Neuropeptide vs Neurohormone?
Whats a catechol?
Recognize any structures?
4
Compounds that mediate signaling
Catecholamines and Bipolar disorder
Catecholamine theory of affective disorder
Mania and depression caused by change in The
amount of activity at noradrenergic synapses
5
Problems
Use of amino acids as neurotransmitters
Use of nucleotides/nucleosides as
neurotransmitters
Use of peptides for paracrine or endocrine
signaling
Why might these things pose problems?
How does the body get around those problems?
6
Ions and the cell
Voltage and membrane potential
Does the type of ion(s) matter?
Concentration gradients and Ex
Where are these ions?
Ca
To cell body
Na
K
Cl-
7
Excitatory vs Inhibitory synapses
What are they?
How do ions play a role in these responses?
What lets the ions in?
8
Types of neurotransmitter receptors
9
Types of neurotransmitter receptors
Similarities?
Differences?
10
Continuing from last time Receptors
2 types of acetylcholine receptors
same ligand different response
Glutamate
Non-NMDA
Mg
2 types of glutamate receptors
NMDA
Removal of Mg
Adapted from fig 21-40
11
Biaxial Model of bipolar affective disorders
Most simply, manic states are here understood as
the clinical expression, at one point in time,
of excessive synaptic neurochemical capacity
within the primary affective system, and
depressive states as the clinical expression of
neurotransmitter depletion Askland and
Parsons (2006)
Combination of neuroelectrical and neurochemical
phenotypesdetermines the range and tonicity of
an individuals affect
Neuroelectrical and neurochemical phenotypes?
12
Moving On
Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter
receptors
Soluble
Transmembrane
Synaptic signaling requires protein
receptors and peptide- derived signals How do
you make a protein? How do you get a protein
where it needs to be?
13
Questions
Part I soluble neuropeptide From DNA to protein
What is the central dogma? How would a
neuropeptide get made (in general terms)? What
are the basic parts of DNA, RNA, and proteins?
What is the difference between hnRNA, mRNA and
tRNA?