http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgELv4aNHjQ

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vtgELv4aNHjQ
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• In 1819, there were 11 free states and 11 slave
  states. Representation in the Senate was evenly
  balanced between the North and the South.
• Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave
  state. That would give the South a majority in
  the Senate.

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• Missouri Compromise
• Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise.
• Missouri would join the Union as a slave state.
• Maine would join the Union as a free state.

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Missouri Compromise

• Congress drew an imaginary line across the
  southern border of Missouri at latitude 36º30N.
  Slavery would be permitted in the Louisiana
  Purchase south of that line.

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Issue of Slavery in the West

• Problem
• Result of the Mexican War, US acquired a vast
  amount of land.
• Missouri Compromise applied only to the LA
  Purchase, not the new western lands.

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Arguments - Issue of Slavery in the West

• North
• Congressman David Wilmot (PA) called for a law to
  ban slavery in any territories won from Mexico.
  (Wilmot Proviso)

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Arguments - Issue of Slavery in the West

• South
• Southern leaders said Congress had no right to
  ban slavery in the West

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The Outcome

• House passed the Wilmot Proviso, but the Senate
  defeated it. The argument continued.

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• Opposing Views
• Abolitionists - Slavery should be banned
  throughout country morally wrong.
• Southern Slaveholders - Slavery should be allowed
  in any territory. Slaves who escape to the North
  should be returned.

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• Other Viewpoint - Moderates
• Idea of Popular Sovereignty - right of people to
  create their government
• Voters in a new territory would decide for
  themselves whether or not to allow slavery.

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• ?Many northern Democrats Whigs opposed the
  spread of slavery, but leaders of both parties
  refused to take a stand.
• Antislavery members of both parties met founded
  Free- Soil Party (a new political party)

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Free-Soil Party - main goal was to keep slavery
from spreading to the western territories.
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• Presidential Election of 1848
• Free-Soilers - Van Buren ban on slavery in land
  gained from Mexican War
• Democrats - Cass (Michigan) supported popular
  sovereignty
• Whigs-Taylor-LA slaveowner

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• Winner of 1848 Presidential Election- Taylor
• Even Congress contained 13 Free-Soilers

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• Slavery Debate..
• 1849 - 15 slave states and 15 free states.
• CA enter as a free state - North would have a
  majority in Senate. South fear territories
  Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico enter as free
  territories/states

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• Southerners worried would be outvoted in Senate
• Southern States possibility secede or leave the
  US (Union)

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Opposing Views

• Clay - North and South reach an agreement and if
  they did not - nation could break apart.
• Calhoun - Refused to compromise - slavery should
  be allowed in the western territories

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• Calhoun Continued
• fugitive slaves be returned to their owners,
  warned if the North did not agree South would
  secede
• Webster - slavery evil but the breakup of US
  worse - warned against civil war

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Compromise of 1850

• Admits CA as a free state
• Territories of New Mexico Utah voters decide
  slavery question by popular sovereignty
• Bans slave trade in Washington, DC (not slavery)
• Fugitive Slave Act

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• Compromise Continued
• Settles Texas/New Mexico border dispute - (Texas
  gave up land in eastern New Mexico and in return
  US assumed payment of their debts)

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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• Citizens must help catch runaway slaves.
• Let fugitives escape - fined 1,000 jailed.
• Special courts handle cases of runaways. No jury
  trials. Judges receive 10 for sending a runaway
  to the South and 5 for setting someone free.

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• Response-Fugitive Slave Act
• Some judges sent African Americans to the South
  to receive extra money.
• Act enraged antislavery Northerners - made them
  feel as if they were part of the slave system.

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Uncle Toms Cabin

• Harriet Beecher Stowe - shows evils of slavery
  the injustice of Fugitive Slave Act.
• Uncle Tom - enslaved African American noted for
  his kindness.

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Uncle Toms Cabin Continued..

• Tom is bought by the brutal Simon Legree
• When Tom refuses to reveal the location of two
  runaways, Legree whips him to death.

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Reaction to Uncle Toms Cabin

• Northerners now saw slavery as a moral problem
  facing every American.
• Southerners claimed that the book did not give a
  true picture of a slaves life.

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Leading up to Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Compromise of 1850 dealt w/ Mexican Cession (CA
  New Mexico Territory, Utah Territory)
• Did not deal with land that was part of the LA
  Purchase (Missouri Compromise of 1820)

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNPrGU5rJQEc

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Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854

• Senator Douglas - IL proposed setting up a
  government for Nebraska Territory by dividing it
  into 2 territories - Kansas and Nebraska(part of
  LA Purchase)
• Settlers in each territory decide issue of
  slavery by popular sovereignty

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Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Southerners hoped slave owners from MO would move
  into Kansas and make it a slave state
• Northerners - MO Compromise already banned
  slavery in Kansas and Nebraska

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Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Kansas-Nebraska Act would overturn/repeal
  Missouri Compromise
• Slavery could now spread to areas that were free
  for over 30 years
• Some challenged Fugitive Slave Act

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Kansas consisted of

• Abolitionists brought over 1,000 settlers from
  New England
• Proslavery settlers also came
• Proslavery groups from MO rode across border -
  Border Ruffians - fought with antislavery groups

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Two Governments

• 1855 Kansas held elections for governor and
  legislature
• Border Ruffians voted illegally and helped elect
  proslavery legislature- passed laws to support
  slavery
• Antislavery settlers refused to accept new laws
  

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Two Governments Continued

• Antislavery settlers elected own governor and
  legislature
• Two governments resulted in chaos
• Armed gangs roamed the territory

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Bleeding Kansas

• Proslavery men raided town of Lawrence - (founded
  by abolitionists) destroyed homes and smashed
  press of Free-Soil newspaper - 1856
• John Brown - abolitionist - and other men attack
  town of Pottawatomie Creek - murder 5 proslavery
  settlers at night

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Bleeding Kansas

• Both sides engaged in guerrilla warfare - hit and
  run tactics
• Late 1856 over 200 people killed
• Newspapers started calling the territory
  Bleeding Kansas

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Dred Scott Case

• Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri
• He moved with his owner to Illinois and Wisconsin
  Territory - slavery not allowed
• Scott returned to MO with his owner who then died
  
• Antislavery lawyers helped Scott file a lawsuit

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Dred Scott Case

• Scotts lawyers argued that since he lived in a
  free state/territory, he became a free man
• 1857 - Supreme Court decided - Scott could not
  file a lawsuit b/c a slave was not a citizen

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Dred Scott Case Continued

• Slaves considered property - (5th Amendment -
  cannot have property taken away w/o applying the
  law)
• Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery
  in any territory

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Dred Scott Case Continued

• MO Compromise - unconstitutional b/c denies
  people right to their property

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Reaction to Dred Scott Case

• Slave owners - slavery now legal in all
  territories
• African Americans - condemned ruling - held
  public meetings
• Northerners hoped that slavery would eventually
  die out if restricted to the South

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Reaction to Dred Scott Case

• Northerners worried now slavery could spread to
  the West

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