Essential%20Question:

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• Essential Question
• What were the significant causes effects of the
  War of 1812?
• Reading Quiz Ch 9B (285-302)
• Take notes on Madison video

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The Road to War Renewed Conflict with England
France
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The Embargo of 1807

• When England France resumed war in 1803
  violated U.S. neutrality, Jefferson approved the
  unpopular Embargo of 1807
• To enforce the embargo, Jefferson contradicted
  his principles of individual liberty weak
  govt
• He mobilized the military to enforce the blockade
• He declared regions of NY (near Canada) in a
  state of insurrection

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The Embargo of 1807
Never did a prisoner, released from his chains,
feel such relief as I shall on shaking off the
shackles of power.TJ

• For 15 months the embargo proved ineffective
  Congress repealed the embargo in 1809
• Jeffersons decision to not run for a third term
  meant that these problems fell to his hand-picked
  successor, James Madison
• In 1808, Madison was elected president the
  Republicans maintained control of the govt

The embargo gained no political concessions from
France or Britain
But it produced economic hardship, smuggling,
political dissent in America
Congress repealed the embargo just 3 days after
Jefferson left office
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The Road to the War of 1812

• The focus of Madisons presidency was foreign
  policy
• In 1809, the Non-Intercourse Act promised the
  U.S. would resume trade with England France
  once U.S. neutrality is respected
• In 1810, Congress replaced this with Macons Bill
  2 offering exclusive trade to whichever nation
  1st honored U.S. neutrality

but England continued to seize U.S. ships
Madison eagerly reopened trade with England
France agreed to end all trade restrictions (but
never stopped seizing ships or impressing sailors)
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Which region would have supported a declaration
of war the most?
Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War
of 1812 the Second American Revolution
Madison eventually gave in asked Congress for a
declaration of war in June 1812
Americans in the West South wanted war to gain
Canada Spanish Florida
NE Federalists thought war with Britain as a
mistake they feared the U.S. could not defeat
England a war would bankrupt the country
Most calls for war centered on British
interference with U.S. trade rights. Free Trade
Sailors' Rights was a popular battle cry
By 1810, War Hawks in Congress, led by Henry Clay
(KY) John C. Calhoun (SC), demanded war with
England
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The War of 1812
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War of 1812
The U.S. did not fare well against the
better-trained British troops

• Despite increased patriotism, the U.S. was
  unprepared for war
• Congress refused to raise taxes
• The army was small state militias were
  inadequate
• The government was incapable of directing a
  full-scale war
• The U.S. goal for the war was to attack British
  Canada force England to respect U.S. rights

The U.S. navy was a little more successful but
only because the bulk of British navy was still
fighting Napoleon in Europe
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The American army under Andrew Jackson defeated
the British at New Orleans (after a peace treaty
was drawn up ending the war)
The War of 1812
In 1814, the British took the offensive in a
3-pronged attack
British were turned back at Plattsburg on Lake
Champlain gave up their Canadian offensive
The British attacked the undefended Chesapeake
burned Washington, DC laid siege to Baltimore
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Hartford Convention
The War of 1812 is still going on!!
In order to reduce southern control of Congress

• Federalists opposed the war by not paying taxes
  or sending troops
• In 1814, Federalists met at the Hartford
  Convention to discuss altering the U.S.
  Constitution to
• restrict Congress war powers
• supported a one-term president
• abolish the three-fifths clause
• They discussed seceding from the USA if they did
  not get their way

In order to break the Virginia presidential
dynasty
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Treaty of Ghent

• Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but did not
  address U.S. neutrality
• Effects of the War of 1812
• Ended all Indian-British alliances in western
  lands
• Scared Spain into signing the Adams-Onis Treaty
  in 1819
• The lack of Federalist loyalty was the fatal blow
  to the party

Spain ceded Florida to the USA
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Discussion Questions

• To what extent was the War of 1812 a second
  American Revolution?
• Which treaty was more significant in U.S.
  history Jays Treaty (1794) OR the Treaty of
  Ghent (1814)? Explain
• Which president was more successful John Adams
  or James Madison? Explain.