The US Enters the War and The Home Front

1
The US Enters the War and The Home Front

• Discuss the reasons that the US entered WWI.
• Explain the role of the US early in the war.
• Evaluate the impact of WWI on the home front of
  America.

2
The US Enters War

• Reasons the US entered WWI
• Limits on Atlantic trade and travel
• Germanys violation of the Sussex pledge
• US bankers loans to the Allies
• Preparedness for the war National Defense Act

3
The Great War (1914-1918)

• Zimmermann Telegram (1 March)
• Sent by German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann
  to the German Ambassador in Washington, DC

4
The Great War (1914-1918)

• . . . lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and
  Arizona.

5

• March 1917 Germany sank 3 merchant marine ships

6
The Great War (1914-1918)

• Congress approved Wilsons request for a
  declaration of war to make the world safe for
  democracy. (6 April 1917)

7

• Selective Service Act (1917) established a draft,
  ending the time-honored volunteer system men 21
  to 30, later 18 to 45
• US government sold 5 Billion in bonds 3
  billion loaned to the Allies

8
US Role in the War (Early)

• 14,000 men of the American Expeditionary Forces
  (AEF) arrived in France (June 1917)
• Fought separately

9
Bellringer

• What were these called in WWI? Why?

10
Introduction

• During war, what happens to our civil liberties?
  Why?
• During war, what happens to nationalism?
• Impact on intolerance?

11
Body The Home Front

• Mobilizing the Economy
• War Industries Board Centralized Economy
• Federal Government directed
• Manufacturing
• Food Production
• Fuel Production
• Transportation

12
WIB Bernard Baruch -Head

• Goals
• Set and Meet Production Quotas
• Allocate Raw Materials
• Increase Efficiency
• Industrial Production Increased 20

13
Daylight Savings Time

• Implemented to Save Fuel

14
National War Labor Board

• Collective bargaining
• 8 Hour Workday in exchange for No Strike Pledge
• Labor membership increases

15
Food Administration

• Conserve Food and Increase Production
• Herbert Hoover Leader
• Meatless Mondays and Wheatless Wednesdays

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Fuel Administration
20
Mobilizing Public Opinion

• War opposition
• Irish Americans
• German Americans
• Socialist Party

21
Creel Committee

• Committee on Public Information
• George Creel leader
• 150 K lecturers, artists, etc.
• 4 Minute Men
• Negative Impacts
• Anti German sentiment
• Ban on foreign languages in some states
• Lynchings

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Civil Liberties in Wartime

• Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918)
  outlawed interfering with the draft or
  criticizing the war
• Schenck v. US case
• Schenck socialist pamphlets opposing the
  draft found arrested for violating the
  Espionage Act
• Fought on 1st Amendment

25
"The question in every case is whether the words
used are used in such circumstances and are of
such a nature as to create a clear and present
danger that they will bring about the substantive
evils that Congress has a right to prevent."

• This case is also the source of the phrase
  "shouting fire in a crowded theatre," a
  misquotation of Holmes' view that "The most
  stringent protection of free speech would not
  protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a
  theatre and causing a panic."

26
(No Transcript)
27
Changes in the Workplace

• National War Labor Board
• Collective bargaining
• Mediation
• More Women working increased finances and
  freedom

28
Great Migration

• Many blacks moved to Industrial Midwestern towns
• 500 K estimated
• Increased hostility in north and south

29
HW

• Read and outline 486-491