The Immune System

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The Immune System

• Specific
• B-cells -gt antibodies
• T-cells

• Non-specific
• barriers

Fig 43.2
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SpecificImmuneSystem Overview
Fig43.16
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Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens
Fig 43.10
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Each B-cell/antibody recognizes a specific antigen
Fig43.14
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B-cells make antibodies that bind to antigens
marking them for destruction
Marked for destruction by WBC
Fig 43.19
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Antibody binding to antigens can lead to...
Engulf and Destroy
Neutralization
Fig43.21
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• What about damaged or abnormal cells?
• Viral infections
• Cancer cells
• Non-functional cells

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T-cells recognize and destroy abnormal cells
Fig 43.18
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SpecificImmuneSystem Overview
Fig43.16
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It can take 7-14 days to produce sufficient
antibodies to eliminate a pathogen
Fig 43.15
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Memory B-cells make the response to a second
exposure more rapid
Fig 43.14
This is how vaccines work.
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Vaccines work via memory B-cells that make the
response to a second exposure more rapid
Fig 43.15
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When politics and science collide...
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Human Papilloma Virus
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• At least 50 of sexually active people will get
  HPV at some time in their lives.
• Every year in the United States, about 6.2
  million people get HPV.
• HPV is most common in young women and men who are
  in their late teens and early 20s.

http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
hpvvac7
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The American Cancer Society estimates that in
2006, over 9,700 women were diagnosed with
cervical cancer and 3,700 women died from this
cancer in the U.S.
http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
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The HPV vaccine developed by Merck, Gardasil,
protects against four HPV types which account for
70 of cervical cancers and 90 of genital warts.
http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
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The Texas Department of Health has ruled that
students must be current with immunizations in
order to attend school unless an exemption has
been filed with the school in accordance with
Texas Education Code, Health and Safety, Chapter
38.0001.
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Current mandated vaccines for attendance in Texas
schools 3 doses of DPT, DTaP, DT, Td. 4 doses of
Polio 1 dose of Measles on/after 1st birthday and
1 dose MMR on/after 1st birthday. 3 doses of
Hepatitis B 1 dose of Varicella on/after 1st
birthday (if the child has NOT had chickenpox)
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The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11-12
year-old girls, and can be given to girls as
young as 9.
http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
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The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11-12
year-old girls, and can be given to girls as
young as 9. For the vaccine to be effective,
you must be vaccinated prior to exposure to HPV.
http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
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• The length of vaccine protection (immunity) is
  usually not known when a vaccine is first
  introduced.
• So far, studies have followed women for five
  years and found that women are still protected.

http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
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• The length of vaccine protection (immunity) is
  usually not known when a vaccine is first
  introduced.
• So far, studies have followed women for five
  years and found that women are still protected.
• More research is being done to find out how long
  protection will last, and if a booster vaccine is
  needed years later.

http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
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The retail price of the vaccine is 120 per dose
(360 for full series). While some insurance
companies may cover the vaccine, others may not.
http//www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm
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Controversy
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vJ1Zg46JKDzM
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