Final Exam

1
Final Exam

• Practice Questions

2
What are the main goals of psychology?

• A. To observe, describe, explain, predict, and
  control behavior.
• B. To observe and describe feelings.
• C. To observe and describe phenomena that science
  cannot explain.
• D. To research and teach positive life strategies.

3
A
4
Why is psychology considered a science?

• A. It studies the physical environment.
• B. Scientists have researched psychological
  issues for over 800 years.
• C. It studies humans and how they interact with
  each other.
• D. Its based on research and evidence.

5
D
6
The opening of the first __________ marked the
beginning modern psychology.

• A. Mental asylum
• B. Scientific laboratory
• C. Psychological organization
• D. Clinic

7
B
8
Psychologists begin their studies by framing

• A. Hypotheses.
• B. Research questions.
• C. Theories.
• D. Surveys.

9
B
10
Which of the following are methods that
researchers use to conduct surveys?

• A. Case studies and longitudinal studies
• B. Questionnaires and interviews
• C. Online surveys and controlled experiments
• D. Naturalistic observations and interviews

11
B
12
In a __________, each member of the population
being studied has an equal chance of being chosen
to participate in the survey.

• A. Stratified sample
• B. Stratified population
• C. Random sample
• D. Control group

13
C
14
Both the cross-sectional and longitudinal methods
are concerned with observing

• A. The ways in which people change over time.
• B. How people behave under controlled conditions.
• C. Peoples views on a particular subject.
• D. Peoples character traits and temperament.

15
A
16
Observing the way people eat in restaurants is an
example of a(n)

• A. Laboratory observation.
• B. Experiment.
• C. Naturalistic observation.
• D .Case study.

17
C
18
The cross-sectional method collects data by

• A. Observing one group of participants over a
  certain period of time.
• B. Surveying the people who are the same age
  about their personal histories.
• C. Manipulating the independent variable.
• D. Comparing participants from different age
  groups.

19
D
20
In an experiment it is useful to have a control
group to

• A. Help minimize the effects of volunteer bias.
• B. Ensure that the target population is
  represented.
• C. Complete a full stratified sample.
• D. Show the effect of the treatment and no other
  factors.

21
D
22
A double-blind study is sometimes needed because
researchers

• A. May have expectations that affect their
  observations.
• B. Cannot control every variable outside a
  laboratory.
• C. May not have time for a longitudinal study.
• D. Are bound by a code of ethics.

23
A
24
After making their observations, scientists study
their data using

• A. Correlation.
• B. The cross-sectional method.
• C. The longitudinal method.
• D. Laboratory observation.

25
A
26
Psychologists keep the records of their research
participants confidential to

• A. Encourage participants to tell the truth,
• B. Make double-blind studies more effective.
• C. Make single-blind studies more effective.
• D. Avoid the placebo effect,

27
A
28
What are the two main parts of the central
nervous system?

• A. Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
• B. Left and right hemispheres of the brain
• C. Neurons and nerves
• D. Brain and spinal cord

29
D
30
Which subsystem in the nervous system is involved
in our fight-or-flight response?

• A. Automatic nervous system
• B. Somatic nervous system
• C. Autonomic nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

31
C
32
The largest part of the brain is the

• A. Cerebrum.
• B. Cerebellum.
• C. Thalamus.
• D. Reticular activating system.

33
A
34
The corpus callosum is responsible for

• A. Regulating body temperature.
• B. Storing nutrients for the brain.
• C. Moving information from one hemisphere of the
  brain to the other.
• D. Maintaining balance and posture.

35
C
36
Which of the following is not a method used by
researchers to study the brain?

• A. Electroencephalogram
• B. Computerized axial tomography
• C. Limbic system
• D. Magnetic resonance imaging

37
C
38
What gland(s) produce(s) a hormone that controls
metabolism?

• A. Adrenal glands
• B. Ovaries
• C. Thyroid
• D. Pituitary

39
C
40
Taken to the extreme, the nature point of view
may suggest what?

• A. We cannot change anything about ourselves.
• B. Our parents parenting style makes us who we
  are.
• C. Where we were raised changes what we become.
• D. Plastic surgery is unethical.

41
A
42
How do psychologists justify the inclusion of
consciousness in psychology?

• A. Its always been studied by psychologists.
• B. Consciousness can be directly observed and
  measured therefore its a behavior and should be
  included in psychology.
• C. Its a psychological construct.
• D. It cant be directly seen or touched, but it
  can be directly measured.

43
C
44
The type of consciousness we experience when we
are conscious of external sensations is known as

• A. Sensory awareness.
• B. Direct inner awareness.
• C. Self-consciousness.
• D. Environmental awareness.

45
A
46
Which of the following terms does not relate to
the others?

• A. Subconscious
• B. Sensory awareness
• C. Unconscious
• D. Hidden

47
B
48
Which of the following produces an altered state
of consciousness?

• A. Circadian rhythms
• B. Meditation
• C. Sense of self
• D. Sensory awareness

49
B
50
How many stages sleep are there?

• A. 4
• B. 5
• C. 7
• D. 8

51
B
52
Which of the following does not occur during REM
sleep?

• A. Sleepwalking
• B. Irregular breathing
• C. Dreaming
• D. Increased blood pressure

53
A
54
A person who has breathing problems that occur
during sleep experiences

• A. Night terrors.
• B. Sleep apnea.
• C. Narcolepsy.
• D. Insomnia.

55
B
56
A method through which people have learned to
control some bodily functions such as heart rate
is called

• A. Biofeedback.
• B. Meditation.
• C. Hallucinatory therapy.
• D. Hypnosis.

57
A
58
Which drugs increase the activity of the nervous
system?

• A. Stimulants
• B. Hallucinogens
• C. Narcotics
• D. Depressants

59
A
60
Marijuana is an example of a

• A. Stimulant.
• B. Narcotic.
• C. Hallucinogen.
• D. Depressant.

61
C
62
The act of responding in the same ways to stimuli
that seem to be similar is

• A. Generalization
• B. Extinction
• C. Discrimination
• D. Spontaneous recovery

63
A
64
Classical conditioning can be applied to help
overcome fears using each of the following
methods except

• A. Flooding
• B. Hypnosis
• C. Counterconditioning
• D. Systematic desensitization

65
B
66
The process by which a stimulus increases the
chances of a preceding behavior occurring again
is known as

• A. Reinforcement.
• B. Programmed learning.
• C. Conditioning.
• D. Systematic desensitization

67
A
68
Which of the following is an example of negative
reinforcement?

• A. A person who is hungry will work for food.
• B. Someone who becomes too warm in the sun moves
  into the shade.
• C. Children receive points for earning good
  grades and the points can be exchanged for
  snacks.
• D. Student athletes who do not achieve the
  required grades are removed from the team.

69
B
70
Which of the following pairs of terms are not
directly related?

• A. Operant conditioning and reinforcement
• B. Skinner and reinforcement
• C. Classical conditioning and taste aversion
• D. Modeling and classical conditioning

71
D
72
Which type of learning has occurred in the
following scenario You know the layout of your
neighborhood simply because you drive through it
on a daily basis and youre able to find the
pizza shop your friend wants to meet you at for
lunch, without ever being there before or looking
up directions.

• A. Classical conditioning
• B. Latent learning
• C. Operant conditioning
• D. Vicarious reinforcement

73
B
74
The process of learning how to ride a bike is an
example of

• A. Classical conditioning.
• B. Shaping,
• C. Flooding.
• D. Latent learning.

75
B
76
The approach that plays the biggest role in
matching people to educational programs and
careers based on their personality is the

• A. Learning approach.
• B. Psychoanalytic approach.
• C. Trait approach.
• D. Humanistic approach.

77
C
78
Hans Eysenck focused on the relationships between
what two personality dimensions?

• A. Introversion-extroversion and emotional
  stability-instability
• B. Behavioral aspects and moral aspects
• C. Happiness and discontentment
• D. Id-ego and superego-repression

79
A
80
If a young woman who has cheated on her boyfriend
accuses him of being unfaithful, which defense
mechanism is she using?

• A. Displacement
• B. Projection
• C. Rationalization
• D. Reaction formation

81
B
82
According to Freuds theory on personality
development, unconscious desires and drives are
housed in the

• A. Id.
• B. Ego.
• C. Superego.
• D. Collective unconscious.

83
A
84
According to Carl Jung, the young hero, the
fertile and nurturing mother, and the wise old
man are examples of

• A. Traits.
• B. Archetypes.
• C. Congruences.
• D. Dreams.

85
B
86
Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated
by

• A. The collective unconscious.
• B. External forces and influences.
• C. Feelings of inferiority.
• D. A desire for consistency.

87
C
88
Which of the following terms does not relate to
the others?

• A. Behaviorism
• B. Abraham Maslow
• C. John Watson
• D. B.F. Skinner

89
B
90
The process in which people learn the desirable
behaviors of their culture is called

• A. Acculturation.
• B. Assimilation.
• C. Conditioning.
• D. Socialization.

91
D
92
Psychologist Carl Rogers argued that personality
is the result of

• A. The conflicts among the id, ego, and superego.
• B. Free choice and action.
• C. The inferiority complex.
• D. External forces and influences.

93
B
94
The need for recognition and accomplishment falls
into which level of Maslows hierarchy of needs?

• A. Esteem needs
• B. Physiological needs
• C. Self-actualization needs
• D. Social needs

95
A
96
Which of the following criteria is not used to
identify symptoms of psychological disorders?

• A. Emotional discomfort
• B. Maladaptivity
• C. Socially Acceptable Behavior
• D. Typicality

97
C
98
Which of the following disorders is not an
anxiety disorder?

• A. Generalized anxiety disorder
• B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• C. Depersonalization disorder
• D. Social phobia

99
C
100
Many people with panic disorder also have which
of the following?

• A. Agoraphobia
• B. Arachnophobia
• C. Claustrophobia
• D. Zoophobia

101
A
102
What are two general categories of mood
disorders?

• A. Depression and bipolar disorder
• B. Biological and psychological disorders
• C. Anxiety and depression
• D. Dissociative and bipolar disorders

103
A
104
What is the usual cause of dissociative disorders?

• A. Genetic factors
• B. Severe head injury
• C. Traumatic event
• D. Hormonal imbalance

105
C
106
According to psychoanalytic theory, people
dissociate in order to

• A. Compensate for brain injuries.
• B. Repress unacceptable urges.
• C. Fake an illness.
• D. Get attention.

107
B
108
Which of the following terms does not relate to
the other terms?

• A. Amnesia
• B. Conversion disorder
• C. Hypochondrias
• D. Somatoform disorders

109
A
110
In most cases, what type of hallucinations do
people with schizophrenia have?

• A. Auditory
• B. Olfactory
• C. Visual
• D. Tactile

111
A
112
Which view of schizophrenia attributes the
condition to a loss of synapses in the brain?

• A. Biological view
• B. Learning view
• C. Multifactorial view
• D. Psychoanalytic view

113
A
114
What do people who are loners and have no
interest in relationships with other people
likely to suffer from?

• A. Paranoid schizophrenia
• B. Schizoid personality disorder
• C. Dissociative identity disorder
• D. Antisocial personality disorder

115
B