THE CELL

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THE CELL
Why are they important? Click the pic

• The smallest unit that can carry out all the
  processes of life.

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Scientists Who Discovered the Cell
Click the RBC
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Discovery of the Cell

• ROBERT HOOKE
• First to observe cells.
• He examined cork cells.
• These little boxes reminded him of the small
  rooms in which monks lived, so he called them
  cells.

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Discovery of the Cell

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek First person to examine
  living cells father of microscopy
• Matthias Schleiden All plants are composed of
  cells.
• Theodore Schwann All animals are composed of
  cells.
• Rudolf Virchow All cells come from existing
  cells.

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The Cell Theory

• Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow
• All living things are composed of one or more
  cells.
• Cells are organisms basic units of structure
  function.
• Cells come from existing cells.

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CELL DIVERSITY

• 1. Size
• Cells range in size from .2 um to 2 m.
• Average plant animal cells are 10 to 50 um in
  diameter.
• 2. Shape
• Cuboidal spherical.
• 3. Internal Organization
• Different Organelles

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TYPES OF CELLS

• Eukaryotes Contains a nucleus and
  membrane-bound organelles.
• Prokaryotes Lacks a nucleus. (bacteria)
• Organelle A cell component that performs
  specific functions in the cell.

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ORGANELLES

• Nucleus
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi Apparatus
• Mitochondria
• Lysosomes
• Cytoskeleton - Microtubules Microfilaments
• Cilia
• Flagella

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The Nucleus

• Directs activities of the cell.
• Contains DNA.
• Nucleolus synthesis of ribosomes.
• Nuclear pores
• Nuclear envelope
• Nucleoplasm

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DNA

• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Encodes information important for the synthesis
  of proteins.

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CYTOPLASM

• Contains various organs in the cell
• Gelatin-like fluid called cytosol which has
  dissolved salts, minerals, and organic molecules

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CELL MEMBRANE

• Made of lipids proteins.
• Provides shape flexibility.
• Selectively Permeable - a complex barrier that
  keeps out some molecules allows others through.

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RIBOSOMES

• Carry out protein synthesis.
• Attached ribosomes - attached to Rough ER
  produce proteins to be exported by the cell.
• Free ribosomes - produce proteins for the cell.

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (ER) - A membrane
  system covered with ribosomes aids in protein
  synthesis.
• Smooth ER - Few or no ribosomes intracellular
  pathway for proteins.

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GOLGI APPARATUS

• System of membranes.
• Processing, packaging, secreting organelle of
  the cell.

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MITOCHONDRIA

• Powerhouse of the cell.
• Carries out cellular respiration.

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LYSOSOMES

• Contains digestive enzymes.
• Digests food disease-causing bacteria.

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CYTOSKELETON

• Provides a structural framework for the cell.
• Microtubules - long, slender protein tubes
• Microfilaments - fine protein threads.

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CILIA FLAGELLA

• Function in movement.
• Composed of proteins.
• Cilia - small hair-like covers entire surface
  of the cell.
• Flagella - long slender found singly or in
  pairs.

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VACUOLES

• Store substances inside the cell.
• Plant cells have large central vacuoles.

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CENTRIOLES

• Structure that appears during animal cell division

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CELL WALL

• Only in plant cells
• Lies outside the cell membrane
• Supports and protects the plant

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PLASTIDS

• Convert solar energy into chemical energy.
• Chloroplast - contain green pigments
• Leucoplast - store food, such as starches.
• Chromoplast - synthesize store other pigments.
• Plant cells only!!

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CHLOROPLASTS

• Found in plant cells only
• Where the energy of sunlight is converted into
  chemical energy during photosynthesis
• Contain green pigment called chlorophyll

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT ANIMAL CELLS

• ANIMAL CELLS
• Centrioles
• Small vacuoles

• PLANT CELLS
• Plastids
• Large central vacuole
• Cell Wall

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