LIFE

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LIFE

• We must be willing to get rid of the life weve
  planned, so as to have the life that is waiting
  for us.
• -Joseph Campbell

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DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYTEM
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FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

• Support (skeletal system)
• structural support/framework for the entire body
• Storage
• Minerals (calcium) and lipids.
• Blood cell production.
• site of formation for all types of blood cells.
• Protection
• vital organs of the body
• ribs surround the visceral organs
• central nervous system is encased within the
  skull and spinal cord.
• Leverage
• Many of the joints of the body act as levers
  therefore
• assisting with movement.
• Provides a place for muscles, tendons, ligaments
  to attache

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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Flexible articulations form joints
The skeleton is the rigid frame
Muscles, tendons, and ligaments form a system of
pulleys
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM DISRUPTION
POOR CONFORMATION
TRAUMA
DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
INFLAMMATION
NEOPLASIA
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TRAUMA CLINICAL SIGNS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
Lameness, swelling, hx of abuse
Deformity of bone, swelling
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TRAUMA CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES

• Open (compound) broken skin
• Closed intact skin
• Simple (1 break) oblique, transverse,
  incomplete fractures
• Comminuted multiple pieces
• Stable ends opposed and fixed (ie. greenstick)
• Unstable
• Compression vertebrae

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TRAUMA DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
Oblique fracture
Transverse fracture
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TRAUMA DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
Greenstick fracture
Comminuted fracture
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TRAUMA DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
Fissure fractures
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TRAUMA DIAGNOSIS OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
Spiral Fractures
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TRAUMA DIAGNOSIS OF FRACTURES
COMPRESSION FRACTURE
SALTER-HARRIS FRACTURES OF THE EPIPHYSIS
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TRAUMA OPEN VS. CLOSED FRACTURES
In open fractures bone is exposed through the skin
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TRAUMA METHODS OF FIXATION OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
SPLINTS
It is critical that the splint support both
the joint above and below the injury !
METASPLINT or SPOON SPLINT
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TRAUMA METHODS OF FIXATION OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
ROBERT JONES BANDAGE
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CASTS

• Casts can be made for the entire body, as for
  spinal injuries, for any portion of the body, or
  for just the extremities.

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TRAUMA METHODS OF FIXATION OF FRACTURES
IM (Steinmann) pins with cerclage wires
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TRAUMA METHODS OF FIXATION

• Advantages of IM pins
• Prevent bending forces
• Disadvantages
• Do not prevent rotation or compressive (axial)
  forces
• Should be combined with other methods such as
  cerclage wire to prevent other forces

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TRAUMA METHODS OF FIXATION OF LONG BONE FRACTURES
Bone plates and screws
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWls_Pyop-D0
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TRAUMA METHODS OF FIXATION
External fixators are pins that penetrate the
skin and bones that are attached to fixed bars or
acrylic using special clamps Kirschner-Ehmer
apparatus
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TRAUMA CLIENT INFO

• Restrict activity
• Watch for drainage, swelling, heat
• Metal (plate, pin) stronger than bone
  refracture may occur
• Follow up x-rays necessary
• Metal should be removed after healing
• Metal may cause cold sensitivity