Tobacco

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Tobacco

• Tobacco Use
• A High Risk Behavior
• Chapter 24 Lesson 1

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Why Young People Start Smoking

• An estimated one in five American teens smokes,
  and about one million young people start smoking
  every year.
• Teens continue to smoke, chew, and dip tobacco in
  large numbers.

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Why Young People Start Smoking

• Every day in the U.S., 6,000 teens light up for
  their first cigarette and another 3,000 teens
  become regular smokers.
• Approximately nine in ten adult smokers began
  smoking as teens and continue to smoke into
  adulthood, unable to stop.
• Of those who begin smoking as teens, one-third
  will eventually die from some smoke-related
  causes.
• About 2.6 million packs of cigarettes are sold
  illegally to minors in this country every day.

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Why Young People Start Smoking

• Statistics like these might leave you wondering
  why teens ever start to smoke.
• Why do they?
• To seem more sophisticated, older, or more cool
• Because of peer pressure
• Due to the influences of advertising
• Because teens believe they can quit at any time
• For its short-term stimulant effect
• To have something to handle or hold
• For relaxation and stress relief
• As a social crutch
• To deal with other cravings
• Because they see family members do it

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Why Young People Start Smoking

• Young people that smoke do not realize that for
  many smokers, smoking is no habit, but an
  addiction.
• ADDICTION a physiological or
  psychological dependence on a substance or
  activity.
• They feel that they can quit at any time.
• They feel it is a passing habit.
• Many adult smokers who began smoking as teens are
  still smoking, not because they want to be but
  because of the addiction.

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What is in Cigarettes?

• Many forms of tobacco products are on the market,
  but still the most used are cigarettes.
• With each puff of a cigarette, the smoker comes
  in contact with at least 43 chemicals known to
  cause cancer, among these cyanide, formaldehyde,
  and arsenic.
• The chemicals in tobacco can cause ailments other
  than cancer.

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What is in Cigarettes?

• Tobacco contains nicotine
• NICOTINE The addictive drug in cigarettes.
  (Nicotine raises blood pressure and increases
  heart rate.)
• People smoke to reduce the craving for nicotine,
  which is a poisonous stimulant.
• STIMULANT Is a drug that increases the
  action of the central nervous system, the heart,
  and other organs.
• Nicotine raises blood pressure and increases
  heart rate.

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What is in Cigarettes?

• The flavor of a cigarette is due mostly to the
  tar in tobacco.
• TAR Is a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced
  when tobacco burns.
• Tar penetrates the smoker's airway and lungs.
• Combined with the drying effect of cigarette
  smoke, tar paralyzes or destroys cilia, the
  waving hairlike projections that work to keep the
  respiratory tract clear.

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What is in Cigarettes?

• Several substances in in tar are known as
  CARCINOGENS Cancer causing substances.
• Low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes, once advertised
  as safer than their standard counterparts,
  actually encourage the smoker to inhale more
  deeply and to smoke more cigarettes to maintain
  the bodys accustomed nicotine level.

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What is in Cigarettes?

• CARBON MONOXIDE Is a colorless, odorless,
  poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes
  through the lungs into the blood.
• This is the same gas in automobile exhaust fumes
  that, if inhaled, could prove fatal. It unites
  with the hemoglobin in red blood cells,
  preventing them from carrying the oxygen needed
  for energy to the bodys cells.

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Did You Know?

• Nicotine is deadly poison that is used in
  insecticide.
• Cigarettes contain formaldehyde, the same
  chemical used to preserve dead animals in biology
  class.
• Cigarettes also contain many of the same
  chemicals that make paint, toilet cleaner, and
  car antifreeze poisonous.
• Cigarette use has been tied to a common cause of
  blindness in the elderly, and a pack a day
  doubles that risk.

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Smokeless Tobacco

• SMOKELESS TOBACCO Is tobacco that is sniffed
  through the nose or chewed.
• Over 12 million Americans are regular smokeless
  tobacco users, and use of these product continues
  to increase, especially among teenagers, many of
  whom start chewing tobacco or dipping snuff
  between the ages of 13 and 15.

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Smokeless Tobacco

• Advertisements featuring famous people,
  especially athletes, give the false impression
  that smokeless products contribute to an image of
  being macho or cool.
• There is nothing cool about it!
• Quit Smokeless Organization Cancer Gallery web
  site

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Other Forms of Tobacco

• Like smoking cigarettes, smoking pipes or cigars
  also presents major health risks.
• Although pipe and cigar smokers usually inhale
  less smoke, they are more likely to develop
  cancers of the lip, mouth, and throat because
  more tar and other chemicals are generated by
  pipes and cigars.
• If the pipe or cigar smoker makes a habit to
  inhale the smoke, his or her chances of
  developing lung cancer also increases.

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Tobacco

• What Tobacco Does to the Body
• Chapter 24 Lesson 2

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Effects of Smoking on the Smoker

• Cigarettes impair the health of the smoker in two
  ways through short-term effects that occur
  immediately after the smoker lights up and
  long-term effects that occur as the smoking
  continues.
• Over time, the tar and pollutants in tobacco
  smoke take their toll on several body systems.
• Some of the deadliest problems are those
  affecting the respiratory and circulatory systems.

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Diseases of the Respiratory System

• Cigarette smoking is associated with the two
  principle diseases that make up chronic
  obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
• These are chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which
  are ten times more likely to occur among smokers
  than among people who do not smoke.

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Diseases of the Respiratory System

• CHRONIC BRONCHITIS is a condition in which the
  bronchi are irritated. As cilia become useless,
  tar from cigarette smoke builds up, which results
  in chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion.

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Diseases of the Circulatory System

• "Surgeon Generals warning smoking causes chronic
  bronchitis"
• "I was choking on my own air". This is Mr. Harold
  Mulhauser .
• After years of smoking he developed a
  persistent smokers cough which produced
  increasing amounts of thick mucous. These are the
  symptoms of chronic bronchitis which is defined
  clinically as a chronic cough which produces
  mucous for at least 3 months per year for at
  least two years. This is very common and occurs
  in 75 of regular smokers.
• How does smoking cause these symptoms?
• Harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke cause chronic
  inflammation in the large airways which are
  called the bronchial tubes. This leads to a
  marked increase in the size and number of mucous
  glands in the bronchial wall. The large number of
  mucous glands secrete a large amount of mucous
  into the airway which must be coughed up to
  prevent drowning in your own secretions.
• Because of trouble clearing these secretions, Mr.
  Mulhauser required a tracheostomy, a surgically
  placed hole in his neck through which the
  excessive mucous could be suctioned out. Mr.
  Mulhauser's bronchus looks like the one in the
  bottom panel which contains about ten times the
  number of mucous glands compared to the normal
  bronchus of the nonsmoker shown in the top panel.
  Mr. Mulhauser's message, "I never thought this
  would happen to me. Just like people with cancer,
  I'm not going to get this stuff. By golly, if one
  of you stops, just one of you, it would be worth
  it".

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Diseases of the Circulatory System

• CHRONIC BROCHITIS
• This is Mr. Harold Mulhauser .

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Diseases of the Respiratory System

• EMPHYSEMA is a condition that involves the
  destruction of the tiny air sacs in the lungs
  through which oxygen is absorbed into the body.
• As the walls between the sacs are destroyed, they
  lose their elasticity and provide less total
  surface from which oxygen can be absorbed.
• More breaths are required, and instead of using
  5 of ones energy in breathing, a person with
  advanced emphysema uses up to 80 of his or her
  energy just to breathe.

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Diseases of the Respiratory System

• EMPHYSEMA

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Diseases of the Respiratory System

• LUNG CANCER, directly linked to cigarette
  smoking, it is the leading cause of cancer deaths
  among males.
• With the increase in female smokers, lung cancer
  is becoming a more significant cause of cancer
  death among females, too.
• Lung cancer begins as the bronchi are irritated
  by cigarette smoke.
• Cilia are destroyed and extra mucus cannot be
  expelled.
• The smoker develops a cough.
• Cancerous cells can grow in these conditions,
  block the bronchi, and move to the lungs.
• In advanced stages, cancerous cells can travel to
  other organs through the lymphatic system.
• Unless caught early, lung cancer causes death.

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Diseases of the Respiratory System

• LUNG CANCER

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Did You Know?

• Over 12 million Americans use smokeless tobacco.
• Approximately 3 million Americans under 21 use
  smokeless tobacco.
• Smokeless tobacco users have from 4 to 50 times
  the rate of oral cancer as nonusers.
• More than 127 million was spent in 1995 on
  advertising and promoting the use of smokeless
  tobacco.
• According to one large national survey of high
  school students, 1 in 5 male students in grades 9
  through 12 uses smokeless tobacco.

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The Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco

• Although smoke does not get into the lungs when
  using smokeless tobacco, other health problems
  exist, some of which can be serious and even
  life-threatening.
• The nicotine in smokeless tobacco is as addictive
  as that in cigarettes.
• Once a person starts chewing and dipping, it can
  become very difficult to stop.

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The Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco

• People who use smokeless tobacco secrete more
  saliva.
• Although the chewers usually spit this excess
  out, some of it unconsciously swallowed,
  introducing tar and other harmful chemicals into
  the digestive and urinary systems.
• Tobacco juices also contain chemicals that may
  delay healing of wounds.

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The Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco

• Tobacco and its by-products are extremely
  irritating to the sensitive tissues in the mouth.
• Irritation from direct contact with tobacco
  juices is responsible for LEUOPLAKIA thickened,
  white, leathery-appearing spots on the inside of
  a smokeless tobacco user's mouth that can develop
  into cancer of the mouth.
• Oral cancer strikes about 30,000 Americans
  annually.
• Because this form of cancer is often discovered
  late, only 50 percent of its victims survive
  longer than five years.

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The Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco

• Smokeless tobacco users also tend to show greater
  tooth wear than nonusers.
• Their gums tend to be pushed away from their
  teeth where the tobacco is held.
• The roots of the teeth become exposed and more
  susceptible to decay, causing early loss of
  teeth.
• Users of smokeless tobacco also develop bad
  breath and discolored teeth. Tobacco products
  decrease the users ability to smell and taste,
  especially salty and sweet foods.

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Effects of Smoke on the Nonsmoker

• People who breathe passive smoke receive the same
  unhealthy effects as smokers. PASSIVE SMOKE is
  cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoke inhaled by
  nonsmokers as well as smoke that remains in a
  closed environment after the smoker is through
  smoking.
• (PASSIVE SMOKE INCLUDES)
• MAINSTREAM SMOKE the smoke that a smoker blows
  off, as well as,
• SIDESTREAM SMOKE The smoke that comes from
  burning tobacco.

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Effects of Smoke on the Nonsmoker

• Passive smoke causes eye irritation, headaches,
  and coughing.
• It causes more frequent ear infections, asthma
  attacks and other respiratory problems and
  aggravates existing heart and lung diseases.
• It can also cause lung cancer.
• At least 3,700 people die annually from lung
  cancer because of exposure to others smoke.
• Lengthy exposure to side-stream smoke can in
  fact, result in the same kinds of
  life-threatening health problems that the smoker
  may experience.

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Effects of Smoke on the Nonsmoker

• A smoke-filled room may contain levels of carbon
  monoxide and other pollutants as high as those
  that occur during an air pollution emergency.
• A non-smoker could inhale enough nicotine and
  carbon monoxide in an hour to have the same
  effect as having smoked a whole cigarette.

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Smoking During and after Pregnancy

• A 1997 study maintained that parents who smoke
  contribute to the deaths of at least 6,200
  children in this country every year.
• According to the study, at least 2,800 deaths of
  low birth weight babies are caused by mothers who
  smoked while pregnant, with another 1,100
  resulting from respiratory infection.

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Smoking During and after Pregnancy

• Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is also
  associated with small fetal growth, an increased
  chance of spontaneous abortion and prenatal
  death, and increased stillbirths, as well as
  growth and developmental problems during early
  childhood.
• Babies born to mothers who smoked during
  pregnancy may be adversely affected in
  intellectual development and behavioral
  characteristics.

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Smoking During and after Pregnancy

• Nicotine passes through the placenta,
  constricting the blood vessels of the fetus in
  the mothers uterus.
• Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels in the
  mothers and fetus blood. Smoking is especially
  harmful during the second half of pregnancy.
• After a baby is born, nicotine can be transformed
  during breast-feeding.

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Smoking During and after Pregnancy

• Most people would not give an infant or small
  child a cigarette, but people who smoke around
  children are doing the same damage to these
  youngsters that they would if they were helping
  them to light up.
• Children of cigarette smokers are nearly twice as
  likely to be in poor or fair health as those of
  nonsmokers.
• Such children are more likely to suffer from
  respiratory problems, including poorer lung
  function and more wheezing.
• Their risk of developing lung cancer, moreover,
  is double that of children of nonsmokers.

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Rights of the Nonsmoker

• Despite the growing awareness of the dangers of
  passive smoke, nearly half of all smokers light
  up without asking those around them if they mind.
• According to one medical report, even though at
  least 80 of nonsmokers report that they are
  bothered by passive smoke, only about 4 actually
  ask smokers to stop.
• Because of the dangers of passive smoke, that
  fact has to change.
• You can help to change it.

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Rights of the Nonsmoker

• You have the right to express your preference
  that people not smoke around you.
• By doing so, you protect the air you breathe and
  the air of those around you.
• If you are allergic to smoke or if the smell of
  it makes you sick, you may be more inclined to
  speak up. Everyone has a right to ask that the
  air they breathe remain smoke-free.

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Rights of the Nonsmoker

• It is considerate of smokers to ask others in an
  enclosed area if they mind their smoking.
• For the sake of your health, you should always
  say yes.
• Smokers should take responsibility to smoke where
  there are no non-smokers around.
• When they do not, nonsmokers also should take
  responsibility for their own health by asking
  smokers to extinguish their cigarettes or by
  moving to a smoke-free space.

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Who Profits from the Sales of Cigarettes?
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Tobacco

• Choosing to be Tobacco-Free
• Chapter 24 Lesson 3

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Strategies for Quitting

• A person who wants to quit using tobacco should
  be reminded that he or she will probably go
  through a period of NICOTINE WITHDRAWL the
  process that occurs when nicotine, an addictive
  drug, is no longer used.
• During this period the person may feel nervous or
  moody or have difficulty sleeping. These symptoms
  of withdrawl do not last long.

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Strategies for Quitting

• There are many techniques for quitting smoking.
• One involves using a series of filters over
  several weeks. Each filter reduces the tar and
  nicotine levels so that withdrawl is gradual.
• An increasingly popular method is the use of
  NICOTINE SUBSTITUTES these are manufactured
  forms of nicotine that deliver small amounts of
  the drug into user's system while he or she is
  trying to give up the tobacco habit. Nicotine gum
  is one such substitute which can now be purchased
  as an over-the-counter product.

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Strategies for Quitting

• Many people combine several of these approaches
  and techniques to become tobacco-free.
• In 1996, a prescription nicotine nasal spray was
  approved by the FDA, allowing nicotine to get
  into the bloodstream faster than gum or patches.
• Patients using the spray inhale it once or twice
  an hour, but can use it up to five times an hour.
• As with other nicotine substitutes, the ultimate
  goal is gradually to cut doses until no nicotine
  at all is used.

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Benefits of Quitting

• The benefits of quitting tobacco are both
  immediate and long-term.
• Benefits to physical health can be measured in
  improved cardiorespiratory endurance.
• Physical fitness increases as a person is able to
  breathe easier and has reduced chances of heart
  disease and stroke.

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Benefits of Quitting

• Quitting not only improves a persons health
  physically, it also affords emotional and social
  benefits.
• Former smokers often experience a sense of
  freedom and a renewed vigor, as though a burden
  has been lifted.
• Constant concern over finding a place to light up
  or over disapproving glances from nonsmokers
  vanishes.
• The money saved from kicking an expensive habit
  can be spent on more healthful forms of
  recreation.

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MONEY SAVED

• 5.00 per pack/day
• 5.00 x 7 days 35.00 per week
• 35.00 x 4 weeks 140.00 per month
• 140.00 x 12 months 1,680.00 per year
• Or to be exact
• 1 pack -365 days x 5.00 1,825.00 per year
• 2 packs - 365 days x 5.00 3,650.00 per
  year
• 3 packs - 365 days x 5.00 5,475.00 per year

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Virginia USA USA-Virginia Vacation Rentals,
1,500-2,950/week
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Goal Setting Quitting Smoking

1. Begin by deciding once and for all that you want
   to quit. Although it seems obvious, many smokers
   never take the first step.
2. Set a target date for quitting. This date might
   be associated with a joyous event, such as the
   smokers birthday, anniversary or even a holiday.
3. Take intermediate steps to help you reach your
   goal. This might take the form of setting
   checkpoints at which the smoker cuts down on the
   number of cigarettes.
4. Get help meeting your goal. Many smokers find
   that quitting with a friend makes the experience
   easier. Each person is there as a daily and
   even hourly source of support for each other.
5. Plan a healthy way to reward yourself once you
   have kicked the habit.

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Tips for Quitting

• Observe how much you smoke
• When and where do you smoke
• What triggers the desire for a cigarette
• How can these needs be addressed in other or more
  healthful ways
• Cost of smoking
• Health concerns
• Negative reactions from family, friends, and
  others
• List reasons why you want to quit smoking
• Post these reasons around the house, and read
  them when you have the urge to smoke

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Toward a Smoke-Free Society

• The American public is working toward becoming
  smoke-free.
• Their health and the health of loved ones are
  compromised.
• Towns are restricting smoking.
• Laws restricting the sale to minors are enforced.
• Vending machines are being moved to supervised
  areas.
• Smoking restrictions in restaurants, civic
  buildings, business offices, and lobbies.

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Toward a Smoke-Free Society

• Airline flights.
• Hotels have whole floors for non-smokers.
• Smoking is less common in private social
  settings.
• Meetings are designated as smoke-free.
• Even people who are having parties no longer put
  out ashtrays.
• They ask guest to go outside and smoke.

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Toward a Smoke-Free Society

• YOU, TOO, CAN DO YOUR PART IN HELPING TO MAKE
  THIS SOCIETY INCREASINGLY
• SMOKE-FREE