Life Functions in Protists

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Life Functions in Protists

• Your Father was a protist

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ANIMAL LIKE PROTISTS (19.1)

• Also known as protozoans
• Heterotrophic
• Classified into four groups based on how they
  move
• Zooflagellates
• Sarcodines
• Ciliates
• sporozoans

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Zooflagellates

• Use a flagella to move
• A long projection that looks much like a whip
• Same things that a sperm cell use to move
• Some reproduce asexually (mitosis) and some
  reproduce sexually (meiosis)

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Sarcodines

• Move using something called a pseudopod
• this same pseudopod (pseudopodia) is used to help
  the amoeba capture and take in food particles
• Amoeba is a cell that is a sarcodine ()
• Amoebas also called the SHAPELESS PROTIST

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Ciliates

• These use cilia for movement and feeding
• Cilia move in a sweeping motion to help cell move
• Cilia also sweep food particles toward the oral
  groove of the cell
• Paramecium is a cell that is a ciliate ()
• Removes excess water using a contractile
  vacuole
• Contain 2 nuclei
• Macronucleus stores genetic information (DNA)
• Micronucleus backup copy of cells genes for
  reproduction

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Paramecium
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Ciliates

• Some reproduce asexually (binary fission)
• Some reproduce sexually (conjugation)
• No new individuals are really formed here, they
  are just exchanging genetic information through
  the PILUS connecting them

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Sporozoans

• Parasites that live in hosts such as fish, birds,
  and humans
• That means they get their food from their hosts
• Reproduce by means of spores
• A tiny cell that can grow into an organism

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PLANT LIKE PROTISTS (19.2)

• Commonly described as algae
• Contain chlorophyll and conduct photosynthesis
• Usually live near the edges of water
• And a vast amount in the oceans
• Produce a MAJORITY of the earths oxygen
• Six groups
• Diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, red algae,
  brown algae, green algae

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Diatoms Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Red Algae Brown Algae Green Algae
Cells Uni- Uni- Multi- Multi- Uni-Multi-
Nutrition Auto- (50) Hetero- (50) Auto Decomp. Auto Auto Auto
Movement 2 Flagella(Spinning Algae) Flagella
Reproduction SexuallyAsexually Asexually(binary fission) Binary fission Alternation of Generations
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Alternation of Generations

• In this pattern of reproduction, organisms
  alternate between haploid (n) and diploid (2n)
• Gametophyte
• Haploid (n) form of organism
• Produces gametes (duh!)
• Sporophyte
• Diploid (2n) form of organism
• Undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores (n) that
  can develop into a new gametophyte
• Look at Figure 19.14 on page 516

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FUNGUS LIKE PROTISTS (19.3)

• Heterotrophs (decomposers)
• Have cell walls
• Use spores to reproduce
• ARE DIFFERENT FROM FUNGI because they lack
  chitin in their cell wall
• Include 2 groups
• Slime molds
• Water molds

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Slime Molds

• Resemble colorful blobs that live in damp
  environments
• Living mass oozes across a surface
• Feeds on bacteria, bits of decaying organic
  matter, and microorganisms
• Are like animals because they move about and
  engulf food

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Water Molds

• Small, unicellular
• Live in water/moist soil
• Grow as tiny threads that look like fuzz
• Some are decomposers, others are parasites that
  live on a host

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• THE END!!!