The Cell: Organelles and Functions

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The Cell Organelles and Functions
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Organelles

• Membrane Bound Subunits that carry out
  Specialized Functions

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Cell Membrane

• Form
• Proteins and Phospholipids
• Function
• Form for cell
• Controls access

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Cytoplasm

• Water and Dissolved Substances

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Nucleus

• Form
• Nuclear envelope surrounds chromatin
• Function
• Cellular Command Center
• Difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

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Nucleolus

• Specialized region for producing Ribosomes
• Dense region inside of nucleus

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Form
• Network of Membrane-Lined Channels
• Function
• 1. Transport of cellular products
• Processing of cellular products
• - Lipids to cell membrane
• - Proteins for export

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Golgi Complex

• Form
• Membrane folds outside of ER
• Make carbohydrates and finish export proteins

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Ribosome

• Form
• Mesh of RNA and protein

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Lysosome

• Form
• Membrane-bound sack of enzymes
• What is an enzyme?
• Function
• Digest particles for food and protection

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Mitochondria

• Form
• Double layer of membrane with wrinkled inside
• Function
• Makes ATP, releases energy from food

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Chloroplast

• Capture energy from sunlight to make simple sugar
  and starch

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Vacuole

• Form
• Membrane bound sacks
• Function
• Consumption and excretion

• YouTube - MicroSafari - Paramecium

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Cytoskeleton

• Microfilaments
• - protein actin
• - outside support of cell
• - skin of a building
• - allow for cell movement

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• Microtubules
• - protein tubulin
• - support inside of cell
• - girders of cell support the inside
• - movement of things inside of cell
• YouTube - Amoeba under microscope IV

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Centrosome

• Form
• Mass of protein
• Function
• Generates centrioles during mitosis

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Cilia and Flagella

• Form
• Hair or Whip-like extensions from the cell
  made of microtubules
• Function
• Locomotion

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Types of Cellular Life
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Unicellular Life

• Prokaryotes
• - Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
• - Single cell, widely distributed life

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Unicellular Life

• Protists
• - Unicellular eukaryotic life
• - Protozoans Animal-like protists
• - Algae Plant-like protists

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Cell Specialization and Multicellular Organisms

• Specialization increases efficiency
• Use more energy bigger body
• Bigger body higher survivability
• Higher survivability more surviving offspring

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Specialization In Cells

• Organ Types and Organelles

• Organism Organ Cell
  Organelle

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Levels of organization

• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ System
• Organism