Digestive and Excretory Systems

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Digestive and Excretory Systems
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Vocabulary Lesson 3

• 1. saliva a liquid in your mouth that starts to
  break down the food you eat
• 2. peristalsis the squeezing action of organs
  that moves food all the way through the digestive
  system
• 3. pancreas the digestive organ that makes
  pancreatic juices, which help break down
  starches, proteins, and fats

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• 4. bile a digestive fluid made by the liver,
  helps digest fats
• 5. gallbladder the organ in the digestive
  system that stores bile
• 6. digestion is the process of breaking down
  food into a form your body can use
• 7. nutrients are substances in food that the
  body needs to work properly

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• 1. What happens in your mouth?
• a. Teeth chop and grind food into smaller pieces
• b. Chopped food mixes with saliva that helps
  break down food
• i. Liquids are called digestive juices
• c. More saliva is made when you eat

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• 2. What happens in your esophagus and stomach?
• a. After swallowing, food goes to the esophagus
• b. Food is moved by a wavelike, squeezing action
  called peristalsis
• c. Food then enters the stomach, which is a
  hollow, muscular organ that breaks down food
• i. Glands in the stomach make acid and other
  digestive juices
• ii. The walls squeeze food and mix it with juices
  to form a thick liquid

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• 3. What happens in your small and large
  intestines?
• a. Food enters the small intestines after the
  stomach (90 of all nutrient absorption occurs
  here) the small intestine is 1 inch in diameter
  and about 22 feet in length. Food takes 3-5
  hours going through it

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• b. The pancreas makes pancreatic juices that
  break down starches, proteins, and fats in the
  food
• c. Cells in the pancreas also make a hormone
  called insulin, which helps your body use sugar

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• d. The liver is another digestive organ that
  makes a fluid called bile, which flows into the
  gallbladder it is the bodies 2nd largest organ,
  after the skin.
• e. Gallbladder stores bile, and doesnt make any
  of its own fluids
• i. Bile is squirted out when fats enter the small
  intestines
• f. nutrients enter the blood in the small
  intestines though capillaries

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• g. not all food can be digested in the body
  those parts pass to the large intestines
• i. wider and shorter than small intestines
• ii. takes most of the remaining water out of food
  and forms solid waste removed during a bowel
  movement
• iii. Eating food with water and indigestive
  materials, like fresh fruits and vegetables help
  the large intestine empty regularly

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Fun Food facts

• Americans eat about 100,000 pounds of food in a
  lifetime or about 3.6 pounds a day
• Swallowed food moves in to the throat at 20-25
  feet per second
• The average meal takes between 15 hours and 2
  days to pass through the entire alimentary canal
• A growling stomach can signal hunger or just
  regular digestion peristaltic waves rippling
  through the stomach and small intestine vibrate
  gas and fluids to cause rumbling

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Problems of the Digestive System

• Indigestion stomach ache antacids or
  medication
• Heartburn acid in the esophagus antacids or
  medication to reduce acid
• Diarrhea sudden passing of solid waste with
  excess fluid medication
• Constipation infrequent passing of solid waste
  that is difficult medication and fluids

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• Ulcers open sore in the lining of the stomach
  or small intestine antacids and antibiotics
  avoid foods that irritate the stomach manage
  stress
• Appendicitis inflammation of the appendix
  surgery
• Hemorrhoids swollen tissue of the rectum and
  anus eating fiber, surgery
• Stomach and colon cancer tumor in stomach,
  colon or rectum surgery, chemo and
  radiationmay be prevented by eating a healthy
  diet

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Review Lesson 3

• What does the digestive system do?
• What happens to food in the stomach?
• How do the materials in food get to the cells of
  your body?

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Vocabulary Lesson 4

• 1. kidneys two bean-shaped organs that remove
  most of the extra water and cell wastes from your
  blood
• 2. urine the liquid waste filtered from the
  blood by the kidneys
• 3. ureter a narrow tube that comes out of each
  kidney and connects to the urinary bladder
• 4. urethra a tube connected to the bladder that
  releases urine outside of the body

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• 1. How does the urinary system get rid of waste?
• a. Make up of kidneys, bladder, and tubes all
  hold liquid waste
• b. Kidneys are in your back at about waist level,
  look like 2 beans
• i. Remove most of the cell wastes and extra water
  from the blood
• ii. Water and waste combine to form urine

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• c. a narrow tube called the ureter comes out of
  each kidney and connect to the urinary bladder
  (bag-like)
• d. bladder fills with urine and then is released
  through a tube called the urethra

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• 2. How does your skin help get rid of waste?
• a. Sweat glands remove water, salt, and other
  waste from the blood in the form of perspiration,
  or sweat
• b. Sweat leaves your body through small openings
  in the skin called pores, water in the sweat
  evaporates, other wastes stay on skin until you
  wash them away
• c. The excretory system helps keep wastes from
  remaining in your body, which keeps your cells
  healthy

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• 3. Lungs remove carbon dioxide waste
• i. Blood delivers oxygen and picks up carbon
  dioxide given off by your cells
• ii. Carbon dioxide moves through the body to the
  capillaries in the alveoli and into the lungs
• iii. It then leaves the body when you breathe out

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Urinary System Problems

• Urinary tract infection (UTI) infection caused
  by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites more
  common in women than men antibiotics or
  antiviral drugs may be prevented by drinking
  water and urinating frequently, avoiding tight
  clothing
• Stones Crystallized mineral chunks form in the
  kidneys and bladder medications dissolve the
  stones, ultrasound waves crush the stones, or
  surgery may be prevented by drinking water and
  eating healthy

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• Urinary incontinence uncontrollable loss of
  urine treated by medication and sometimes
  surgery
• Overactive or neurogenic bladder inability to
  control urination caused by nerve damage
  treated by medication, surgery or inserting a
  catheter

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Review Lesson 4

• What is the job of your excretory system?
• What does your urinary bladder do?
• How do the sweat glands remove wastes from your
  body?