GROUP D PRESENTS

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GROUP D PRESENTS
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Cell Stiffness Next Gen Biomarker for Disease?
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Cells

• Discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
• Basic structural, functional and biological unit
  of living organism.
• Smallest unit of life that can replicate.
• Building blocks of life.

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Types of Cell
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Cell Organelles
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Human Body Multiscale Biomaterial System
Cells ?Tissues ? Organs? Human Body
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Cytoskeleton of Cell
Functions Intracellular Transport Cellular
Division
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Components Of Cytoskeleton

• Microfilament
• Acts as tracks of myosin that helps in muscle
  movement.
• Intermediate Filament
• Maintains cell shape by bearing tension
• Anchors cell organelles
• Microtubules
• Intracellular transport, mitotic spindle

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Normal Cell vs Cancer Cell

• Cancer Cell
• Reproduction uncontrolled
• Loss in ability to communicate
• No ability of cell adhesion
• Loss in ability of programmed death

• Normal Cell
• Reproduction controlled
• Communicate with other cells through chemical
  signals
• Shows cell adhesion
• Ability of self destruction

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What is Disease?

• Abnormal conditions
• Pathological conditions

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Methods of disease diagnosis

• Clinical diagnosis
• Laboratory diagnosis
• Radiology diagnosis
• Principle diagnosis
• Prenatal diagnosis
• Biopsy

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Response.
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Response.
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What is Cell Stiffness??

• Capability of an object to resist deformation in
  response to applied force.
• Caused by inhomogeneous distribution of
  cytoskeletal structure.
• Fibroblast 1 micron
• Vascular smooth muscle cells gtgt 2 micron

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Cell Mechanics Related to Disease???

• Any deviation in the structural and mechanical
  properties can result in the breakdown of
  physiological functions and may possibly lead to
  diseases.

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Examples.

• Red blood cell membrane stiffness is observed in
  malaria.
• Invasive tumour cells mechanically soften.
• Measurement of cancer cell stiffness have shown
  strong correlation between cell deformability and
  cell malignancy.

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How to Measure Cell Stiffness??

• Youngs Modulus A parameter for cell stiffness
  measurement

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Atomic Force Microscopy
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The AFM in a Nutshell
Atomic Force Microscopy probe indentation
simplest, easiest, most popular method.
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Summary

• The mechanical properties of cells may
  potentially be used in clinical diagnostics and
  even therapy of certain types of diseases.
• Research is on..

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Credits

• http//www.mumbaimirror.com/others/sci-tech/Spotti
  ng-disease-by-gauging-cell-stiffness/articleshow/2
  4283334.cms
• A.B.Verkhovsky,T.M.Svitkina, and G.G. Borisy J.
  Cell Sci., 110 1693-1704, 1997

• http//www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/upload/thu
  mb/9/9c/350px-Atomic_force_microscope_block_diagra
  m.JPG
• S. Suresh, J. Spatz, J.P. Mills, A. Micoulet, M.
  Dao, C.T. Lim, M. Beil, T. Seufferlein Acta
  Biomaterialia 1, 1530, 2001
• G. Bao, S. Sureseh, Nature Materials, 2, 715,
  2003

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Thank You!