Lucas Pettinati Rafael Monzon Andreas Dinopoulos

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Lucas Pettinati Rafael Monzon Andreas
Dinopoulos architect
structural engineer construction
manager Berkeley
Georgia Tech Strathclyde, UK
Luciana Barroso owner
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Todays Outline

• The Project
• Project Requirements
• Owner Requirements
• Architectural Context
• Site Context
• Alternatives
• Preferred Alternative
• A-E-C Solutions
• A-E-C Interactions
• Lessons Learned

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The Project

• Year 2010
• Lake Tahoe area
• Rebuild 3-story educational building
• Ridge University Engineering School

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Project Requirements

• Maintain existing footprints
• 36 height limitation
• 5,500,000 budget
• One year duration

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Owner Requirements

• Showpiece building
• Safe structure within site context
• On budget / on time

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Architectural Context

• South Lake Tahoe
• Building style based on University of California
  Berkeley Art Museum and I.M. Peis NCAR Building

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Architectural Desires

• Large curtain wall
• Unobstructed seating in auditorium and lecture
  rooms
• Heavy vs. light

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Site Context

• Boundary conditions
• Geological features
• Local weather conditions
• Local working week

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Alternative 1 Architecture

• Pre-existing structural layout
• Privacy increases on vertical and inward motion
• Use of internal light wells to unite spaces
• Large spaces within to be used for interaction

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Alternative 1 Engineering and Construction

• Explored structural systems
• Concrete
• Steel
• ConcreteSteel
• Preferred Structural System
• ConcreteSteel
• Construction Cost 5,800,000

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Alternative 2 Architecture

• Programmatic in nature
• Separation of function by level
• Individuality
• Large spaces within to be used for interaction

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Alternative 2 Engineering and Construction

• Explored structural systems
• Concrete
• Steel
• Preferred Structural System
• Steel
• Construction Cost 5,400,000

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Alternative 3 Architecture

• Programmatic in nature
• Separation of function by level
• Individuality
• Periphery vs. core
• Large spaces within to be used for interaction

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Alternative 3 Engineering and Construction

• Explored structural systems
• Concrete
• Steel
• Preferred Structural System
• Concrete
• Construction Cost 6,000,000

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Alternative 4 Architecture

• Auditorium as indoor/outdoor space
• 8º shift
• Cantilevers hold offices
• Glass curtain
• Slope roof

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Alternative 4 Engineering and Construction

• Explored structural systems
• Concrete
• Steel
• ConcreteSteel
• Preferred Structural System
• ConcreteSteel
• Construction Cost 5,700,000

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Preferred Solution Alternative 4
Owners preference

• Architectural Elements
• Glass curtain walls
• Cantilevered offices
• Dual purpose auditorium
• Open space light well at lobby
• Dynamic spaces that allow for options

• Structural Elements
• Challenging cantilever system
• Sound lateral load resisting system
• Structure nicely integrated into architecture

• Construction Elements
• Tight time scheduling
• Challenging cost cut-down

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Architecture Final Iteration
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Overview

• Based on Alternative 4
• Faculty offices along periphery
• Student offices in an open environment
• Auditorium follows ground

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1st Floor Circulation
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1st Floor Egress
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1st Floor Lecture Rooms
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1st Floor Lecture Rooms

• The following QuickTime VR movie is
  representative of the layout and feeling of the
  lecture rooms within the structure

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1st Floor Small Classroom
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2nd Floor Circulation
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2nd Floor Egress
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2nd Floor Instructional Facilities
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2nd Floor Seminar Rooms
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2nd Floor Student Offices
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3rd Floor Circulation
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3rd Floor Egress
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3rd Floor Faculty Offices
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3rd Floor Faculty Offices

• The following QuickTime VR movie is
  representative of the layout and feeling of the
  deans office within the structure

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3rd Floor Faculty Lounge
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3rd Floor Secretaries
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Architecture Performance

• Planned space is 8 smaller than the program
  requirements
• Total area 27,600 square feet
• All areas handicap accessible per ADA
  regulations
• At least 2 means of egress on every floor
• Centralized plumbing runs
• HVAC and Electrical distribution imbedded in
  walls

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Architecture Performance

• Room affinities maintained from initial program
• Some room functions combined into larger yet
  customizable units
• Seminar Rooms
• Small Classrooms
• Secretaries
• Security increases with levels
• 1st Floor Public
• 2nd Floor Semi-private
• 3rd Floor Private
• No internal stairwell

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Engineering Final Iteration
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Structural System Description

• Classroom Office Building
• Concrete lateral load resisting system
• Concrete plate slab
• Steel cantilever system

• Auditorium
• Steel braced frames
• Truss roof system

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Structural Considerations

• Moderate to high seismicity (Zone 3)
• Heavy snow loads
• Live Loads
• 40psf (Classrooms)
• 50psf (Offices)
• 100psf (Storage Hallways)
• Snow Load 125psf
• Dead Loads
• 100psf (Slab Beams)
• 25psf (Floor Partitions)
• 10psf (Installations)

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Classroom OfficeBuilding
Third Floor Slab Roof Slab
Second Floor Slab
12x18 Concrete Ring Beam
12 Shear Walls 16x16 Concrete Columns
8 Concrete Plate Slab
4 Composite Slab
Steel Cantilever Elements
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Analysis Parameters

• UBC Code
• Seismic Reduction Factor, Rw 12
• Seismic Zone Factor, Z 0.3
• Peak Ground Acceleration , Ao 0.3
• Importance Factor, I 1.0
• Site Coefficient, S 1.2

Analysis Results

• Building Weight 4807 K
• Design Base Shear 255 K
• (in both directions)

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Vibration Modes
Mode 1 T 0.23 sec
Mode 2 T 0.21 sec
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DriftsWest Side Frame
Max Disp 1.70 (0.4 of total height)
Limit Drift Ratio 0.03/Rw 0.0025 Max Drift
Ratio Obtained lt 0.0008
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Moment Diagram
M, V Axial ForceDiagramsWest Side Frame
M- max 82.04 K-ft
M max 38.47 K-ft
Shear Force Diagram
Axial Force Diagram
V max 23.95 K
A max 197.5 K
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Vertical Stresses
Wall Stresses
Shear Stresses
Max Vertical Stress 0.73 Ksi ltlt Fc
Max Shear Stress 0.27 Ksi ltlt Fv
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Column Sizing Iteration
PRELIMINARY SIZE 18x18 Column As req min 1.0
3.2sqin
ITERATION 16x16 Column As required min 1.0
2.6sqin
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Beam Sizing Iteration
PRELIMINARY SIZE 12x20 Beam As max req
0.71sqin (0.35)
ITERATION 12x18 Beam As max req 1.02sqin
(0.60)
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Auditorium Iteration
Columns
Braced Frames
Roof Truss System
Secondary Roof Elements
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Construction Final Iteration
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Machinery

• Mechanical excavator
• Bulldozer
• Dump Trucks
• Tower crane
• Concrete mixers

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4D Model loading
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Cost Breakdown
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Cost Comparison
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Life Cycle Considerations

• Insulation
• R-30 Batt for roof
• R-19 Batt for walls
• Carpets for added insulation
• Glazing
• Double pane glazing to retain heat
• Conveying
• Pneumatic vs. hydraulic elevator

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A-E-C Interactions
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A-E Interaction Cantilever System, Part 1
Architectural proposal
Engineering rationale
Solution
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A-E Interaction Cantilever System, Part 2
Architectural Requirements Mentor Feedback
Preliminary Engineering Proposal
Final Solution
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A-C Interaction Auditorium
Can we afford to lower the Auditorium? Problem
Cost increase of earthworks by 17 Solution Use
a site that naturally slopes and create a
building that follows it.
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E-C Interaction From Frame System to Flat Slab
Construction Requirements Mentor Feedback
Preliminary Engineering Proposal
Final Solution
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E-C Interaction
Pre-cast vr Cast in-situ

• Not dependable of weather
• Minimum erection time
• More expensive
• Transportation problems

• Last moment alterations possible
• Productivity rate can be fast
• Labor intensive

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Lessons Learned
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Lessons Learned

• Applying theory into practice
• Iteration, iteration, iteration
• Negotiation is key
• When technology doesnt work its not the end of
  the world.
• Adapt technology to suit your needs and conditions

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Lessons Learned

• Distance is not a barrier
• No one is ever always right
• Ideas often come from outside your discipline
• Mentor feedback is crucial
• Trust your teammates

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