Statistics 1: Elementary Statistics

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Statistics 300Introduction to Probability and
Statistics

• Section 4-3

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Probability

• Chapter 4
• Section 2 Fundamentals
• Section 3 Addition Rule
• Section 4 Multiplication Rule 1
• Section 5 Multiplication Rule 2
• Section 6 Simulating Probabilities
• Section 7 Counting

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Addition Rule

• P(A or B) ?
• One die P(2 or 5) ?
• One die P(odd or gt4) ?

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The Addition RuleP(A or B) P(A) P(B) - P(A
and B)
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Concept ofMutually Exclusiveoutcomes
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If event A and event B cannot happen together,
then A and B are mutually exclusiveand
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On one roll of a dieP(3 and 4) 0 mutually
exclusiveP(4 and even) gt 0 not mutually
exclusive
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Using complementary events can make our lives
easier!
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Probability Rules forComplementary EventsP(A)
P(A) 1 P(A) 1 - P(A) P(A) 1 - P(A)