Settlement

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Settlement

• Site, Situation and Function

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Aims

• By the end of this lesson you should
• know what is meant by the site of a settlement.
• understand that early settlements were built in
  certain places for a variety of reasons.
• be able to list some of the things early settlers
  looked for when choosing a settlement site.
• Know what function means and name functions for
  places on an OS map.

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Size Of Settlements

• A settlement is any place where people live
  work.
• Settlements vary in size.
• Some settlements are very small (e.g. isolated
  buildings like a cottage or farmhouse housing
  just one family).
• Some settlements are very large (e.g. a
  conurbation which houses millions).

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Settlement

• How Were The Sites For Early Settlements Chosen ?

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Which of the following sites (V - Z) would be
best for a settlement ?
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Settlement Site

• The place where a settlement was first built is
  called its site.
• The site had to be carefully chosen if the people
  were to survive and the settlement was to grow.
• Early settlers spent much time choosing a place
  with as many advantages as possible.
• Situation is where a settlement is relative to
  things like rivers, hills and other settlements.

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Some Advantages For Siting A Settlement ?
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Site of Methil

• Methil lies on gently sloping land which lies
  below 30 metres.
• In area it covers about 4 sq kms.
• Methil is on the coast and to the north is
  bounded by a river
• which separates it from the small town of Leven.

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What Is Meant By A Settlements Function ?

• For a settlement to grow there had to be certain
  reasons why it should be built in the first
  place.
• This is called a function.
• Large settlements often have many functions while
  some settlements specialise in a particular
  function.
• Four major functions of settlements in Britain
  are
• Market Town.
• Industrial Town
• Port
• Resort

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Market Towns

• main function is buying selling
• usually have a market square where a market held
  once or twice a week.

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Glasgow changing functions
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Industrial Towns

• main function is to make or manufacture things in
  factories.
• contain many factories often with tall chimneys.

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Resorts

• are places where people go on holiday to relax
  enjoy themselves.
• Some are coastal (e.g. Blackpool).
• Others are ski resorts (e.g. Aviemore).
• Have a lot of hotels entertainments

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Ports

• are places where goods are loaded or unloaded
  from ships.
• are located on coasts or major rivers or canals.
• have harbours surrounded by docks warehouses.

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Fishing villages
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Defensive
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Functions of Methil and Leven

• One of Methils main functions is as a port. The
  evidence for this is shown by the docks in GR
  3799. There is some industry at 369990 shown
  by a large building and the word works.

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• Tourism is shown by the building in 3799
  museum. And there is a Long Distance Route which
  runs through Methil and then northwards to Leven.
  It is called (3901) the Fife Coastal Trail.
• Leven is more of a tourist town as it has a sandy
  beach with a caravan site and 2 golf courses in
  GR 3901. To the north of the town there is also
  a walk/trail in 3802.

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Foundation 2009 Q1e
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Site of Callander
Hills to north provide shelter
Flat land for building roads and houses
On flat land next to a river water supply
Bridging point of river people would have come
here to cross the river
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Hills to the north limit the growth and steep
land is difficult to build on
Flat land next to river might flood
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For full marks at least one similarity and one
difference should be mentioned if not mark out
of 5.Max 2 marks for evidence relating to any
single function.Differences which are implied
should be credited.Max 1 for grid reference.

• Similarities
• Both are holiday resorts (1) because both have a
  tourist information centre and a
• leisure centre, a cycle route passing through and
  a caravan/camp site.
• Barmouth has a sandy beach which would attract
  holiday makers and tourist facilities such as a
  museum while the attractions of Dolgellau are the
  surrounding hills and forests for walking.
• Both have footpaths leading out of town onto the
  surrounding hills (2).
• Both towns are service centres (1) because both
  of them have hotels, leisure centres and churches
  (2).
• Differences
• Dolgellau is a route centre (1) with 5 main roads
  meeting there (1) Barmouth has only the A496
  passing through (1).
• Barmouth is a port (1) with a harbour and a ferry
  (2).
• 6 ES

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Summing Up

• As a result of this lesson you should now
• know that the site of a settlement is the place
  where it was first built.
• Know that early settlers looked for sites with as
  many advantages as possible.
• Advantages included proximity to building
  materials, water supply good farmland, shelter
  from bad weather and a site that was easy to
  defend safe from flooding.

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Settlement - Lesson 2

• Settlement Hierarchy

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Aims

• By the end of this lesson you should
• know that there are different sizes of
  settlement.
• know the names of different types of settlement.
• know the services which are found in settlements
  of different sizes.
• Know what a sphere of influence is

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Rural Urban Settlements
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Settlements Services

• Settlements also provide services for the people
  who live in them and in the surrounding area.
• Small settlements provide only a few low order
  services (e.g. general store which people use
  every day).
• Large services provide many services including
  high order services (e.g. dentist which people
  only use occasionally).