????????? ?????? System Calls

1
???? ???? ???????

• ?????? ???? ???????
• ????? ???? ???????
• ????????? ?????? System Calls
• ????? ??????
• ???? ??????
• ????? ?????????? Virtual Machines
• ????? ?????? ??????
• ????? ?????? System Generation

2
?????? ???? ???????

• ????? ????????? Process Management
• ????? ??????? ???????? Main Memory Management
• ????? ????? ??????? Secondary-Storage Management
• ????? ?????/????? I/O System Management
• ????? ??????? File Management
• ??????? Networking
• ???? ??????? Protection System
• ???? ?????? ??????? Command-Interpreter System

3
?????? ???? ???????
4
????? ????????? Process Management

• ????? ???????
• ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????
  ???????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????
  ????? ??????? ??????? ???/ ???? ...

????? ????? ?? MS-DOS
5
????? ????????? Process Management

• ??????? ???? ???????
• ????? ???? ?????????
• ?????? ???????? ????????? (????? ??????)
• ????? ????? ????? ?????????
• ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? (???????
  ?????????...)

6
????? ??????? ???????? Main Memory Management

• ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
  ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ???? ?????.
• ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????
  ?????? ????? ???????
• ??????? ???? ???????
• ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????
  ??? ????????
• ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???
  ???? ?????
• ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????

7
????? ????? ???????Secondary-Storage Management

• ????? ????? ???????
• ??? ????
• ??? ????? ?????
• ??????? ???? ???????
• ????? ???????? ?????
• ????? ????? ?????
• ????? ???????? ??? ?????

8
????? ?????/????? I/O System Management

• ??????? ???? ???????
• ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????.
• ????? ?????? ????? ?????/????? ?????? ??????
  ????? ???? ???????????.
• ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????/?????
  (??????? Buffer? ??????? Cache? ??????? Spool).

9
????? ??????? File Management

• ????? ?????
• ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????
  ????? ????????.
• ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ???? ?????.
• ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????????
  ?? ??????? ?? ?????????.
• ??????? ???? ???????
• ????? ???? ???????? ?????????
• ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ????????? (?????? ?????? ???? ????...)
• ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????
  ????? ??????? (????? ???? ???????)

10
??????? Networking

• ???? ??????? ??????
• ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????
• ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????
• ?????? ????????
• ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
  ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
  ??????????.
• ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????.
• ??????? ???? ???????
• ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????
• ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???
  ??????
• ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
  ??? ??????

11
???? ??????? Protection System

• ??????? ????? ???????
• ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????
  ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????.
• ??????? ???? ???????
• ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ???
  ??????? ??
• ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????

12
???? ?????? ??????? Command-Interpreter System

• ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????
  ???????
• ???????
• ?????? ???? control-card interpreter
• ??? ??????? Command-line
• Command.com DOS
• bash, sh, ksh Unix
• ????? ?????? Graphical Interface
• Explorer MS Windows
• CDE AIX, Solaris
• Gnome, KDE Linux Redhat

13
????? ???? ???????

• ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ??????? ??
• ????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?????? ?????/?????
• ??????? ?? ???? ??????? (?????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ...)
• ??????? ??? ????????? (??????? ?? ???????)
• ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? (?????
  ?????????? ?? ???????)
• ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????
• ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????
• ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????
  ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? (????
  ????? ?????? ?? ???????).

14
????????? ??????System Calls

• ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????
• ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
  ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????
• ???? ??? ???
• ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????
• ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????
  ???????(?? ?????? ???????)
• ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????
• ????? ???????
• ????? ????????

15
????????? ??????System Calls

• ??? ???????? (Parameters) ????????
• ????????
• ?????? Stack?
• ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???
  ??????.

16
????????? ??????System Calls

• Process control
• End, abort
• Load, execute
• Create process, terminate process
• Get process attributes, set process attributes
• Wait for a time
• Wait event, signal event
• File manipulation
• Create file, delete file
• Open, close
• Read, write, reposition
• Get file attributes, set file attributes

17
????????? ??????System Calls

• Device manipulation
• Request device, release device
• Read, write, reposition
• Get device attributes, set device attributes
• Logically attach or detach device
• Information maintenance
• Get time or date, set time or date
• Get system data, set system data
• Get process, file, or device attributes
• set process, file, or device attributes

18
????????? ??????System Calls

• Communications
• Create, delete communication connection
• Send, receive messages
• Transfer status information
• Attach or detach remote device

19
????? ??????

• ???? ???????
• ????? ??????
• ????? ?????? (?????)
• ???????
• ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????
  ?????.
• ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  ??? ???????????...
• ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????...
• ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????.
  ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???
  ?????? ??? ???? ??????.
• ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (loaders)?
  ???????? ????? (linkage loaders)? ?????? ????
  ????? ??????? (C, Pascal, Basic)
• ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????
  ??????? ?? ??? (remote login)

20
????? ??????

• ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?
  ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???????
  ????????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????
  (system utilities) ?? ????? ???????.

21
???? ??????

• ???? ?????
• ????1 ???? MSDOS ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???

???? ???? MS-DOS
22
???? ??????

• ????2 ???? Unix ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????

??????????
????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????
?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????
????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????
????? CPU ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????
?????????? ???????
???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????/????? ??????
??????? ????????
????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????
?????/????? ?????? ????????
????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
?????? ??????? ?????/?????
23
???? ??????

• ???? ?????
• ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???
  ?????? ?????? ????
• ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????
  ?? ????????
• ???? THE? Venus? ?????? ?????? ?? Windows NT
• ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????
  ?????? ???????
• ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????
  ??? (????? ????????? ??? ???????)
• ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ???????.

24
?????? ?????????? Virtual Machines

• ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????
  ??????
• ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????
  ??????????
• ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????
• ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????
  ????.

25
?????? ?????????? Virtual Machines

• ????????
• ????? ????? ?????? ??????
• ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
• ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???
  ???????
• ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????
• ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????
• ??????
• ????? ??????? (?????? ???? ???????? ?????????
  ...)
• ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? (?????? ????????
  ?????)
• ?????
• ??? ???? ?????????? Java Virtual Machine
• ?????? ????? Intel ??? ?????? DEC? ?SUN? ?
  Macintosh

26
????? ??????

• ????? ?????? ???? ????????
• ???? ???? ?????
• ???? ????? ?????
• ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? (??? C ??? ??
  Unix? ? NT)
• ???? ???? ?????
• ???? ????? ???
• ??? ???????
• ??? ????? ????????
• ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????
• ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????
  ??????? ???? ????? ???????

27
????? ??????

• ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????
• ?????? ?????? ??????? (???????)
• ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????
• ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????
  ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????
• ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????.
• ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????
  ??????? ??????.
• ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? (???? ?????
  ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???
  ???????).