Tuesday, February 6th

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Tuesday, February 6th

• Blue Book Wkshts Shoes Essay
• Discuss notes
• Pass out notes
• Review
• Intro to Bones Bones of the Skull, Chest, and
  Back

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Review

• Diseases
• Osteomyelitis
• Osteoporosis
• Rickets
• Fractures
• Greenstick
• Simple
• Compound
• Joints

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Introduction to Bones Bones of the
Skull, Chest, Back
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Anatomical View
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Terms

• Anterior
• Front or toward the front
• Posterior
• Back or toward the back
• Prone
• Lying face down
• Supine
• Lying face up

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Terms

• Medial
• Toward the midline of the body
• Lateral
• Away from the midline of the body
• Proximal
• Toward the beginning of the structure of the body
• Distal
• Away from the beginning of the structure of the
  body

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Terms

• Flexion
• To bend
• Extension
• To straighten
• Adduction
• To go toward the midline of the body
• Abduction
• To go away from the midline of the body

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Purpose of Bones

• Lever for movement
• Provide structure and support
• Protection of Internal Organs
• Store minerals

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Structure of Bones

• 67 of bone is mineral
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• 33 is connective tissue
• Bones form in two ways
• From membranes (ex. Bones in your skull)
• Ossification (minerals that harden to form your
  bones)

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Parts of the Bone

• Shaft
• Narrow part of bone between the 2 ends of the
  bone
• Periosteum
• Outside of the bone tissue
• Compact Bone
• Layer under the periosteum
• Very Hard

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Parts of the Bone

• Spongy Bone
• Cavities at the ends of bone that act as shock
  absorbers for weight bearing
• Red Bone Marrow
• Makes red and white blood cells, an adult has no
  red bone marrow in the shaft
• Yellow Bone Marrow
• Fat Cells

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Bones as you age

• As a baby
• Bones are made of cartilage
• As you grow
• Bones ossify and become heavier and harder
• As you grow old
• You loose minerals and bones become weaker
• Ex. Osteoporosis loss of calcium from the bone

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Joints

• A joint is a place where 2 bones make contact
• Types of joints are
• Immovable
• Partially Movable
• Freely Movable

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Types of Joints

• Immovable
• Skull
• Sacrum
• Coccyx
• Partially Movable
• Vertebrae
• Ribs to Vertebrae
• Sacroiliac

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Types of Joints

• Freely Movable
• Ball and Socket
• Shoulder
• Hip
• Hinge
• Elbow
• Knee
• Finger
• Toe
• Jaw
• Pivot
• Forearm
• Head on neck
• Gliding
• Wrist
• Ankle

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Ball and Socket
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Hinge
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Pivot
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Gliding
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Bones of the Skull

• 2 Divisions of the skeleton
• Axial Skeleton
• The skull, vertebral column (backbone), ribs and
  sternum
• Appendicular Skeleton
• Bones in the arms, hands, legs, feet, and
  shoulders

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Bones of the Skull
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Axial Skeleton

• Skull 29 bones
• 22 form the frame of the head
• Have zigzag joints in the skull, makes it
  stronger
• 6 facial bones immovable joints
• 7th bone is the jawbone (mandible) largest bone
  in the skull, movable

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Bones of the Skull
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Wednesday, 2/7

• Review
• Finish Backbone Chest
• Start on Bones of the Upper Extremity
• Leave time to discuss the rest of the week
• Hand back papers
• Friday Progress sheets

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Review

• Terms
• Anterior/Posterior
• Medial/Lateral
• Supine/Prone
• Proximal/Distal
• Flexion/Extension
• Adduction/Abduction

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Review

• Purpose of bones
• Bones as you age
• 6 parts of the bone
• Joints
• Ball-and-socket
• Hinge
• Gliding
• Pivot

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Backbone

• Also knows as the spinal column
• Consists of 33 bones and its function is to
  protect the spinal column

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Regions of the Backbone

• Cervical Vertebrae
• 7 vertebrates, found in the neck and
• Function Hold up the head
• Has lots of flexibility
• Thoracic Vertebrae
• 12 vertebrates
• Function supports the chest
• Lumbar Vertebrae
• 5 vertebrates found in lower back
• Function weight bearing area, largest and
  strongest vertebrae
• Sacrum
• 5 vertebrates fused to the hip area
• The sacrum and hip bones are called the pelvis
• Coccyx
• 3-5 fused vertebrates
• Common name is Tailbone

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Spinal Column
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Chest

• Chest
• Also known as the ribs and sternum
• Protects the heart and lungs
• Expands and contracts
• Sternum
• The flat bone in the middle and front of the
  chest
• Anchor for the ribs and muscles to attach
• Protects the heart

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Ribs

• 12 pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae
  on back
• True Ribs
• Top 7 pair that attach to the sternum
• False Ribs
• Middle 3 pair that extend up to the sternum
• Floating Ribs
• Bottom 2 pair that do not attach to the sternum

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True Ribs
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False Ribs
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Floating Ribs