Allan Miller

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Introduction toRenewable Energy and the Smart
GridGREEN Grid

• Allan Miller
• Director
• Electric Power Engineering Centre (EPECentre)

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Contents

• Background and overview of the project
• Project Team
• Electric Vehicle Research Scott Lemon

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Background

• 2012 MSI (now MBIE) Investment Round
• Energy and Minerals RFP (14 December 2011),
  Targeted Research Questions
• 4. What are the supply variability
  characteristics of current and potentially
  applicable renewable resources across all energy
  markets, what are the challenges they present for
  efficient and secure energy supply and how can
  new technologies and practices for managing
  variability help?
• 5. What economic and technical models can be
  utilised to evaluate the potential impact of
  renewable energy feeding into our distribution
  networks?
• 6. What mechanisms can be used to investigate the
  performance of low voltage networks, subject to
  bi-directional power flows as a result of the
  input of renewable energy?
• Co-funding is expected

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Background

• Our proposal addressed these research questions
  in two parts
• Part 1
• Managing supply variability of renewable energy
  in the network
• (addresses Question 4)
• Part 2
• Cost-effective, functional and safe distribution
  network
• (addresses Questions 5 6)

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Overview of the Project
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Overview of the Project

• Essence of Part 1
• Perhaps supply variability can be managed through
  demand variability
• I.e. continuously and actively adjust demand to
  somewhat match variable supply (perhaps through a
  new ancillary service, or a combined ancillary
  service)
• Demand side management (short term and long term)
• Consumers may have loads, existing and new, that
  are suitable to control at certain times
• Fridges, heat pumps, heated towel rails,
  lighting, electric vehicles (water heating)
• Individually these are not a significant load
• Collectively they may make up a significant load
• Enable the demand side to participate more
  actively in the electricity market

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Overview

• Questions arising from part one
• What are the characteristics of renewable energy
  generation variability
• How much load is likely to be controllable within
  a home and collectively (i.e. size of
  controllable loads and their diversity)?
• What is in it for the consumer (i.e. is it
  economic for them)?
• What are the trends re. uptake of new
  technologies (EVs, PV, home automation)?
• What are the attitudes of the consumer to demand
  side management?
• How might demand be aggregated and, in
  particular, used by the System Operator to manage
  renewable energy generation variability

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Overview

• Part 1 Projects that fulfill the essence and
  answer these questions
• 1.1 Identification and management of supply
  variability of renewable resources
• 1.2 Identification and management of household
  demand variability
• 1.3 Balancing variable supply with demand side
  management

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Overview

• Essence of Part 2
• Modelling methods for the following
• The economics of distributed generation fewer
  large schemes or many small (roof-top) schemes?
• Technical and economic implications of
  distributed generation
• Technical issues associated with residential
  photovoltaic generation
• The effect of new loads and distributed
  generation on power quality in the low voltage
  network
• Focus on getting the right models, to be able to
  update results as technology and the market
  change

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Overview

• Target studies that address Part 2
• 2.1 Technical and economic study of large scale
  distributed renewable generation connected to the
  medium voltage distribution network
• 2.2 Technical and economic impacts of different
  scales of photovoltaic deployment and wind
  generation on the low voltage network
• 2.3 Smart methods and guidelines for protection
  and automation in the low voltage network
  experiencing bidirectional flows
• 2.4 Customer service level and low voltage
  network power quality

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Overview

• Variability of Renewables

• Business Household Demand

Distributed Renewable Generation

• Current and future profiles
• Demand management
• Practices, systems, value
• DM control
• TPs system
• Home networks
• Trials of new technology
• Electric vehicles
• Home networks, smart appliances
• DM resource

• 90 target by 2025
• Understand and model
• Balancing renewable resources (to smooth supply
  variability)
• Transmission loss implications
• New / combined ancillary service?

Small Scale (LV) Protection Safety Voltage
control Field trials New ancillary service
markets Guidelines, standards, policy PV
injection (new metering) LV network
monitoring Use of ICT infrastructure
Large Scale (MV) Economics Technical Power
flow EV implication Guidelines for distribution
companies on technical economic analysis

• Cyber Security
• Instrumented LV network

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Storage
Technology in transmission and distribution,
power quality, safety
Large scale Geographical and temporal variation
Geographical and temporal uptake of new
technology (EVs, PVs, DM, and home-automation)
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GREEN Grid Project Structure
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GREEN Grid Project Structure
Client, MBIE
Direct Co-funders Transpower, EEA
EPECentre / ECE (University of Canterbury)
UC Project Board
Industry Advisory Panel
University of Otago CSAFE
Supporters EA, Vector, Orion, Unison, WEL
University of Auckland PSG
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GREEN Grid Core Project Team

• Dr Allan Miller, EPECentre Director and Director
  of GREEN Grid
• Dr Alan Wood, Senior Lecturer, ECE, University of
  Canterbury, Leader of Part One, Co-Leader of Part
  Two
• Dr Nirmal Nair, Senior Lecturer, PSG, University
  of Auckland, Co-Leader of Part Two
• Dr Rebecca Ford, Post Doctoral Fellow, CSAFE,
  University of Otago, Leader of 1.2
• Dr Janet Stephenson, Director of CSAFE,
  University of Otago

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Project Team Responsibilities
Managing supply variability of renewable energy in the network Managing supply variability of renewable energy in the network
1.1 Identification and management of supply variability of renewable resources EPECentre
1.2 Identification and management of household demand variability CSAFE (Otago)
1.3 Balancing variable supply with demand side management EPECentre
Cost-effective, functional and safe distribution network Cost-effective, functional and safe distribution network
2.1 Technical and economic study of large scale distributed renewable generation connected to the medium voltage distribution network EPECentre
2.2 Technical and economic impacts of different scales of photovoltaic deployment and wind generation on the low voltage network PSG (Auckland)
2.3 Smart methods and guidelines for protection and automation in the low voltage network experiencing bidirectional flows PSG (Auckland)
2.4 Customer service level and low voltage network power quality EPECentre
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Industry Advisory Panel
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Industry Advisory Panel

• Representation
• Electricity Engineers Association
• Distribution
• System Operator
• Regulator
• General Energy Market
• Consumer Appliances ( Home Automation)
• Transmission Asset Owner
• Renewable Generation
• Retail
• Consumer

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Industry Advisory Panel

• Oversee the research being undertaken by the
  GREEN Grid project
• Within the MBIE agreed scope
• Ensure it is independent
• Relevant to and targeted at industry needs
• Respects academic freedom of the researchers
• Assist in transferring the findings of the
  research to industry
• Adoption of ideas / findings / research output
• Promotion of ideas / findings / research output
• Support research findings for adoption into
  standards / policy (where relevant)
• Assist researchers industry specific knowledge
  data
• Intellectual property team meetings

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Project Board

• Governance of the project
• Disciplined reporting on project schedule,
  resourcing, and budget
• Provides necessary decisions for project to
  proceed

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