Properties of Acids and Bases

1
Properties of Acids and Bases
Objective

• To learn the properties of acids and bases in
  solution.

2
Research

• Solution homogenous mixture with dissolving.
• Solvent substance that does the dissolving
  usually water.
• Solute substance that is dissolved.
• Ion charged particle atom or atom group ( or
  -)

3
Acids

• Compounds which all contain H. When dissolved in
  water, acids dissociate the H ion.
• Acids contain the hydronium H3O ion
• Properties sour taste, good electrolytes, react
  with metals to produce H2 gas and salt.
• Strength depends on ability to dissociate the
  H ion.

Common Acids hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric,
carbonic, boric, acetic
4
Bases

• Compounds, several kinds, all dissociate the OH-
  ion.
• Bases contain the hydroxyl OH- ion
• -
• Properties bitter taste, feel slippery, good
  electrolytes, react with animal products.
• Strength depends on ability to dissociate the
  OH- ion.

Common bases sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium
hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide.
5
Procedure I

• Place a small drop of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
  onto one end of a strip of litmus paper. Record
  your observations.
• Place a small drop of acetic acid (vinegar) onto
  the other end of the strip of litmus paper.
  Record your observations.
• Place a small drop of eyewash onto the middle of
  the strip of litmus paper. Record your
  observations.

6
Procedure II

• Place a small drop of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
  onto one end of a strip of litmus paper. Record
  your observations.
• Place a small drop of milk of magnesia (MgOH2)
  onto the other end of the strip of litmus paper.
  Record your observations.
• Place a small drop of ammonia (NH4OH) onto the
  middle of the strip of litmus paper. Record your
  observations.

7
CONCLUSIONS

1. Compounds that contain H (H3O)
2. Compounds that contain O and H (OH-)
3. A charged atom or molecule
4. Hydronium H3O
5. Hydroxyl OH-
6. Fruits and vegetables, tea, coffee, cleaners